Lecture 6 Higher Order Filters Using Inductor Emulation

Inductor Emulation Using Two-port Network GIC (General Impedance Converter) GII (General Impedance Inverter)

Gyrator Positive Impedance Inverter Floating inductor

Gyrator Example Gyration resistance=1/g1=1/g2=R

Riordan Gyrator

Example For Gyration resistance=1kΩ

Antoniou GIC

Inductance emulation is optimum in case of no floating inductors i.e., LC high-pass filters

Example 3 rd Order LPF 6 th Order BPF

Bruton’s transformation

FDNR Bruton’s inductor simulation based on FDNR Most suitable for LC LPF with minimum cap realization

Filter Performance & Design Trade-offs  Transfer function (ω 0, Q or BW, Gain, out-of-band attenuation, etc.)  Sensitivity (component variations, parasitics)  Dynamic range (DR) Maximum input signal (linearity) Minimum input signal (noise)  Power dissipation & Area

Maximum signal (supply limited)

Voltage swing scaling

Power dissipation For n th order

Thermal noise of a resistor Minimum signal (noise limited)

Example: low-pass filter

Simple Example Large R, Small C Large noise, parasitic sensitive Large C, Small R Large power, large area