Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.

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Presentation transcript:

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2

Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps as an emergent property of these processes. Dualism holds that the mind is an immaterial entity that exists independently of the brain, perhaps with interactions between the two.

Functional Neuroanatomy CNS includes 1 trillion neurons (10 12 ) with about 1,000 trillion synaptic connections (10 15 ). A single neuron in the brain may receive as many as 10,000 synaptic connections with other neurons. Massive parallel processing.

Brain Structures and Functions Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)— homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

Brain Structures and Functions Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)— homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

Brain Structures and Functions Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)— homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

Visual Consciousness A critical periods for cortical development in cats show that primary visual cortex is necessary for visual consciousness. Blindsight in humans: Damage to primary visual cortex eliminates visual consciousness but a second pathway allows accurate discrimination.

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience Lesions and double dissociations Electrophysiology—EEG and ERP Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Connectionist Models Composed of input, output, and hidden layers of simplistic neurons. Sigmoid activation function mimics all or none response of real neurons for extreme input values. Connection weights represent the knowledge state of the network. Back-propagation of error adjusts weights.