______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Genocide Humanities 10 supplemental unit for Night

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Terminology – define it in your notes What is prejudice? What is a stereotype? What is a scapegoat?

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ prejudice An attitude of close-mindedness which allows a person to prejudge another negatively without any knowledge of that person. Prejudice is frequently based on emotion, not on reason or fact. It is the hatred one feels towards another person for no concrete reason.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ stereotype A generally accepted opinion or fixed notion of a person that is believed without investigation. It generalizes a person’s character by labeling him/her, refusing to view a person as an individual, only as a type of person.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ scapegoat a person, member of a group, peer, ethnic or religious group, or country who is singled out, unfairly blamed and who receives negative treatment for some misfortune.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ What is genocide? What do you think? –Define it in your own words on your paper now Discuss it with your partner to compare notes –If you like something your partner mentioned, add it to your own definition.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Genocide defined: The term 'Genocide' was coined by combining the Greek word 'genos' (race) with the Latin word 'cide' (killing). Genocide as defined by the United Nations in 1948 means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, including: –(a) killing members of the group –(b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group –(c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part –(d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group –(e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ What does this really mean? If the formal definition is confusing, think of genocide as the deliberate destruction of a social identity. –A closer to home example might be this fictional situation: Evil no good “Royals” somehow convince the Mountlake Terrace and Lynnwood community that the Hawk should be eliminated from existence. All laws are changed so that anyone who wears hawk insignia can be discriminated against. Violent acts against those who wear the hawk symbol are not prosecuted, so that no one ever wears it again. This is genocide.

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Is Genocide a new thing? Unfortunately, the practice has been used repeatedly throughout history: –The bible references multiple examples of genocide –The Roman Empire (Julius Caesar and the Gauls) –Genghis Khan –Christopher Columbus Native American tribes –Australia This brings us to one of the most frequent worldwide timeframes of genocide: The 20 th Century

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Genocide in the 20 th Century Your task: Research and become familiar with the 20 th century examples of genocide. What similarities do they have? Can you see the development of the various stages of genocide? –Armenians in Turkey –Stalin’s forced famine –The Rape of Nanking –The Nazi Holocaust –Pol Pot in Cambodia –Rwanda –Bosnia-Herzegovina –Darfur in the Sudan

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ 2010 Final Exam Teaching genocide is one of my most difficult challenges –How do you talk about hatred at this depth? –How can we look at this and then move on? Can we do more? What is being done out there? How can this be prevented? It is still happening now –The bottom line – you must make contact with someone outside the walls of Mountlake Terrace about this issue or the issue of hate/ hate prevention in general

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Presentation possibilities –Present your findings on genocide in one of the following ways An action plan – What can we do here at school to prevent this based on your own ideas and what other people are doing? A research model – This is what other people are doing and this is what they said about their program What counts as ‘contact’ – a person, an organization, a website to find out more information –Talk to someone over the phone about their work –Interview someone and tape it –If local, go visit and document your work

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ The 8 stages of genocide Stage 1: Classification –“us and them” –Something is used to separate the groups in question –Usually falsified or bogus

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 2: Symbolization –Hate symbols and language are developed to continue the separation –“Untermensch” means sub-human

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 3: Dehumanization Hate crimes and propaganda Nuremburg Laws :Jews forbidden from marrying non-Jews :Strips Jews of their German citizenship Kristallnacht “Crystal Night” or “The night of broken glass” -91 Jews murdered -267 synagogues burnt down -1000’s of homes and businesses destroyed

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 4: Organization –Special army or police units created –Organized movements against the targeted groups

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 5: Polarization Pushing groups to the margins of society as far away as mainstream as possible ghettos

More images of the famed Warsaw ghetto ______________________________________ ______________________________________ __

Stage 6: Identification Victims are separated or identified by their particular identity through further segregation or humiliation Concentration camps Forced relocations Further restrictive laws

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 7: Extermination Adolf Hitler to his Army commanders, August 22, 1939: –"Thus for the time being I have sent to the East only my 'Death's Head Units' with the orders to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish race or language. Only in such a way will we win the vital space that we need. Who still talks nowadays about the Armenians?"

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ crematorium gas chamber

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ Stage 8: Denial –This stage is usually combined with an international response –“We were only following orders”

______________________________________ ______________________________________ __ yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocides_in_histor y ide/index.htmlhttp:// ide/index.html