T2-1: Enterprise elements Chin-Sheng Chen Florida International University

T2-1: Enterprise elements Element types Element types –Work –Decision –Resource –Information

The ESE Framework – Re-visit Enterprise element WorkDecisionResourceInformation System facet StrategyCompetencyCapacityStructure Engineering activity SpecificationAnalysisDesign implementati on Performance measure CostTimeQuality Benefit (profit)

Enterprise elements – work (1) Definition Definition –A business activity that adds direct value to the process (value chain) –(From customer’s view) Nature of work (Productive activities) Nature of work (Productive activities) engineering engineering manufacturing manufacturing servicing servicing

Enterprise elements – work (2) External work (chargeable to a contract) External work (chargeable to a contract) –Production orders derived directly from a customer’s order External customers External customers Other (sister) divisions Other (sister) divisions Internal work (partially chargeable) Internal work (partially chargeable) –(Internal) production orders issued for Making (generic) tooling Making (generic) tooling Making an inventory item Making an inventory item conducting an internal project (R&D, improvement) conducting an internal project (R&D, improvement) Performing maintenance work Performing maintenance work

Enterprise elements – work (3) Work hierarchy Work hierarchy –Program Project Project –Task operation operation

Enterprise elements – decision (1) Definition Definition –A special kind of work that does not add direct value to a particular order Nature of decision Nature of decision –Administrative activities in management Initiate, create, review (QC), approve (control), distribute Initiate, create, review (QC), approve (control), distribute –Administrative activities in production (execution) Work release Work release Monitoring Monitoring Measuring (IQC, IPQC) Measuring (IQC, IPQC) Reporting Reporting Control (re-assigning, re-scheduling) Control (re-assigning, re-scheduling)

Enterprise elements – decision (2) Decision hierarchy Decision hierarchy –Strategic decisions Strategic planning & approval Strategic planning & approval –Tactic decisions Aggregate planning & approval Aggregate planning & approval Short-term capacity adjustment & approval Short-term capacity adjustment & approval –Operational decision Bidding/contracting & approval Bidding/contracting & approval Production planning/scheduling & approval Production planning/scheduling & approval Request/acquisition & approval Request/acquisition & approval IQC/IPQC & approval IQC/IPQC & approval Project/shop-floor monitoring & control Project/shop-floor monitoring & control

Enterprises elements – resources (1) Resource types Resource types –Material –Machine –Tools –Equipment –Facility –Utilities –Human resource –Capital

Enterprises elements – resource (2): material Definition Definition –Physical object on which work is performed by a resource –For engineering work, material may not be required, while in servicing, the customer could be viewed as the physical object (material). Classification by completion status Classification by completion status –Raw material –WIP –Finished goods Material types Material types –Classified by shape and size, shape and size, application, application, material properties, material properties, value (ABC classification) value (ABC classification)

Enterprises elements – resources (3): Machine Types (for discrete part mfg.) Types (for discrete part mfg.) –Fabrication machines Cutting, stamping, & blanking Cutting, stamping, & blanking Material removal Material removal Forming/molding/casting/extrusion Forming/molding/casting/extrusion –Assembly machines fastening fastening Joining and welding Joining and welding –Surface/finishing machines Surface finishing Surface finishing printing printing packaging packaging –QC machines Inspection Inspection testing testing

Enterprises elements – resources (4): tools Types Types –Jigs –Dies –Molds –Fixtures –Attachments –Cutting tools –Gauges and measurement tools

Enterprises elements – resources (5): Equipment Types Types –Benches/work areas –Material handling equipment Pallets, crates, baskets, carts, lift tracks, conveyors, AGVs, ASRS, etc. Pallets, crates, baskets, carts, lift tracks, conveyors, AGVs, ASRS, etc. –Heat treatment furnaces –Hood/drainage –Air conditioning –Transportation vehicles (official truck, coach bus, car) –Elevators

Enterprises elements – resources (6): Facilities Types Types –Storage/warehouses location>building>section>aisle>rack>cell location>building>section>aisle>rack>cell –Workspaces Location>building>floor>area>room>station Location>building>floor>area>room>station –Parking spaces Location>building>floor>area>section>lot Location>building>floor>area>section>lot –Passage aisles/staircases location>building>floor>area>aisle location>building>floor>area>aisle

Enterprises elements – resources (7): Utilities Types Types –Water –Air –Power –Gas –Phone –Data line

Enterprises elements – resources (8): HR Managerial classification Managerial classification –Direct vs. indirect –Full time vs. part time –Straight vs. over time –In-house vs. virtual Competency classification Competency classification –By trade, skill/operation type, and skill level

Enterprises elements – resources (9): Computer & communication Types Types –Hardware Station Station NB NB PDA PDA Scanner Scanner Printer Printer Projector Projector –Software –Network Server Server Router Router hub hub

Enterprises elements – resources (10): Capital Types Types –Cash (flow) –(revolving) credit lines

Enterprise elements – information (1) Definition Definition –A special type of enterprise resource that is a representation of corporate data, process expertise relevant to its operation, and corporate intelligence with value to customers. Information types Information types –Corporate data –Process expertise –Corporate intelligence

Enterprise elements – information (2): Corporate data Product data Product data –Specifications, engineering analysis (technical approach), product design (BOM, 2D, 3D), QC plans, mfg. process plan, CAM data Customer & sales data Customer & sales data –Customer records –Bid and contract history Supplier (material and service supplier) data Supplier (material and service supplier) data –Supplier profile & qualification record –Performance records Production data Production data –Plant layout –Organization structure –Planned and actual production (work) data, (schedule, quality, and cost data)

Enterprise elements – information (3): Process expertise Core competence Core competence –Competency (operation) modeling – Activity: with possible reference to specific resources in terms of its competency type, difficulty rating, quality, and speed Activity: with possible reference to specific resources in terms of its competency type, difficulty rating, quality, and speed Method: operation procedure, QC procedure, setup procedures, etc. Method: operation procedure, QC procedure, setup procedures, etc. Constraint Constraint Input requirement Input requirement Output requirement Output requirement –Elemental operation (activity) types Generic managerial operations: Generic managerial operations: –initiate, plan, schedule, review, revise, abort, approve, amend, append, release, etc. Productive operations: Productive operations: –machining, assembly, forming, etc. –Resource capability and capacity Business processes Business processes –SOP definition –Process knowledge coupled with SOP.

Enterprise elements – information (4): Corporate intelligence Business Process knowledge Business Process knowledge –Standard operation procedures (SOP) –Directives and guidelines –Best practices Intellectual properties Intellectual properties –Patents & trademarks –Trade secrets –Benchmarks –SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) analyses –Case studies –White papers