Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam 6

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Rise and Spread of Islam I.Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World II.The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam III.The Arab Empire of the Umayyads IV.From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Background –Bedouins –Camel herding –Agriculture

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of Vengeance –Clans  Grouped into tribes –Shayks –Free warriors –Rivalry

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Towns and Long-Distance Trade –Entrepots –Mecca  Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe  Ka’ba –Medina

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia Women have important roles –Polygyny, polyandry

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Poet and Neglected Gods Animism, polytheism –Including Allah

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Background –Banu Hasim clan –Orphaned –Mecca –Khadijah  Revelations, 610  via Gabriel

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Persecution, Flight, and Victory –Ka’ba gods threatened –Invited to Medina, 622  Hijra –Return to Mecca, 629 –Arabs and Islam  Umma

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Universal Elements in Islam –5 Pillars –Acceptance of Islam –Prayer  Fasting during Ramadan  Payment of zakat  Hajj

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Death, 632 –Succession struggle –Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community  Abu Bakr –Ridda Wars

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Conquest –Motives for Arab Conquest  Conversions  Booty –Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires  Sassanian Empire Zoroastrianism Dynasty ended, 651  Byzantium

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Uthman –3rd caliph –Murdered –Ali’s supporters proclaim him caliph

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Ali –Rejected by Umayyads –Siffin, 657 –Loses suppor –Assassinated, 661 –Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate –Son, Husayn –Killed, Karbala, 680

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Division –Sunni – Umayyads –Shi’a – Ali’s descendants –Mu’awiya  Caliph, 660

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Push west –Stopped at Poitiers, 732 –Retain Iberia –Converts and “People of the Book”  Malawi, converts –Dhimmi, people of the book  Jews, Christians –Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Family and Gender –Islamic ideas prevail at first –Multiple marriage acceptable in certain cases –Equality of men and women in worship –Many hadiths recorded by women

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Umayyad Decline and Fall –Revolts –Merv  Abassid revolt –750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era Sunni rule –repress Shi’a –Baghdad  New capital

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance –Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion –Urban expansion  Ayan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era The First Flowering of Islamic Learning –Building  Mosques, palaces –Preservation of Greek thought –Indian number system passed on

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Early Islam and the World Spread of Islam –Unprecedented in scale, scope –Special place of commerce influential –Preservation and expansion of inherited knowledge –Diverse linguistically, ethnically