5. What is Islam?. Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.

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Presentation transcript:

5. What is Islam?

Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf

Vocabulary  Red Sea  Persian Gulf  Arabs  Polytheists  To preach (teach religious message)  Mecca  Muhammad  Allah  Hegira (622)  Koran  Faith  Shahadah (testimony of faith)  Salah (to pray, prayer)  Hajj (pilmigrage, pilgrim)  Swam (Ramadam)  Zakah (alms, charity)  Jihad (Holy War)

Five Pillars

A mosque: temple for praying Mosques are buildings for praying in public, especially on Fridays.

Parts of the mosque

A minaret  The muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from here.  The minaret of Samarra (Irak) Spiral, helicoidal.

More minarets Kairouan (Tunisia)Marrakeck (Morocco)

Blue mosque (Turkey)

Taj Mahal (India)

After going through the door, there is a courtyard with an ablutions fountain

A prayer hall This place, covered area with columns, is where the Muslims pray

Prayer hall in Cordoba

The quibla is the wall orientated towards the city of Mecca

The mirhab Is a small niche in the quibla where the Koran is kept.

A mimbar or pulpit is the place where the imam (the muslim priest) leads the prayers from here

Vocabulary  A minaret  An ablutions fountain  A prayer hall  A quibla  A mihrab  A mimbar  The Imam

Islaminc Art  Remember, in Islamic Art there are not many sculptures and paintings, because the Koran did not allow the representation of Muhammad, Allah, animals or people.

6. How did Islam evolve?

Vocabulary  Caliph  Descendants  Umayyad  Abbasid  Damascus  Baghdad  Agriculture  Craftsmanship  Trade  Merchants  Souk (Arab market)  Gunpowder  Compass (before GPS)

The expansion of Islam The highest authority of the empire was the CALIPH. Below him, the VIZIER (Prime Ministre) and the EMIR (governor in the provinces). The first four caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Alí) were direct descendants of Muhammad.

Until 661, the Muslims controlled the Arabian Peninsula. This year, Caliph Alí was assassinated and the Umayyad family took political power. Schism between Sunni and Shia.

The Umayyad period  During this period the title of Caliph became hereditary.  They moved the capital to Damascus (actual Syria).  They conquered more territories, from Persia to the Iberian Peninsula.

The Abbasid period  In 750, a rebelion killed all the Umayyad family. The only survivor, Abd al Rhaman I, founded an independent emirate in Cordoba.  Baghdad became a capital.  It was a wealthy economic period.  Internal fighting broke up the empire making the Ottomans (Turks) the most powerful people in the Islamic world.

Baghdad

Websites  