UVic Rob McPherson UVic/IPP GSC-19 Site Visit to UVic 13 October 2006  Physics  Very brief overview of the motivation for the LHC and ATLAS  The Large Hadron Collider  Status, Timelines, Turn-on plans  The ATLAS Detector  Status, Timelines  UVic ATLAS Group  Group composition, roles in ATLAS  UVic ATLAS Activities  Liquid argon electronics feedthroughs: the end-game  Detector commissioning work  Detector calibration  Computing  Progress to first physics

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 2 Large Hadron Collider: 14 TeV

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 3 ss p-p or p-p: cross-sections  (nb)            tot bb  jet (E T >100GeV)  Higgs 150GeV 500GeV   √s (TeV)             Events/sec L = cm -2 s -1 u LHC: u Large SM Higgs rates  O (1 Hz) for lightest allowed Higgs at nominal luminosity u Also: QCD, top, bottom, W, Z factory u Precision measurements of cross-sections, couplings, branching ratios u QCD at highest scales u Real goal: find physics beyond the Standard Model u SUSY, heavy quarks, heavy leptons, extra dimensions, new gauge bosons, compositeness...

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 4 ATLAS Detector

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 5 The ATLAS Experiment & ATLAS-Canada diameter 25 m barrel toroid length 26 m total weight7000 tons Canadian activities focused on LAr calorimetry 4 large projects funded by a Major Installation Grant: Alberta, Carleton, McGill, Montréal, Regina, SFU, Toronto, TRIUMF, UBC, Victoria, York LAr cryostat and calorimeters construction and installation completed Detector commissioning well underway Focus shifting to robust calibration and reconstruction, computing, physics analysis Endcap Hadronic Calorimeter Forward Hadronic Calorimeter Front-End-Board Electronics Endcap Signal Feedthroughs

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 6 LHC Luminosity Profile 100 fb -1 /yr SHUTDOWN 1000 fb -1 /yr 200 fb -1 /yr fb -1 /yr First physics run: O(1fb -1 ) ADD H(120GeV)   L = L = SLHC: L = 10 35

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit th (/1746) Dipole Installed (5 Sept 2006) LHC: Status and Plans u Almost all hardware construction finished, including pre- installation testing u Magnets, power converters, control systems,... u Installation proceeding u All magnets in place by ~ March 2007 u Machine closed August 2007, start commissioning u Operations 1 November 2007  collisions at 450 GeV x 450 GeV by end of 2007 u Use 450 GeV for commissioning safety / quenching systems, beam dumps u Shutdown for final installation (eg, last collimators,...) u High energy operations start  1 April 2008 u Pessimist: 100 pb -1 with  s=14 TeV in 2008 u Optimist: few fb -1 with  s=14 TeV in 2008

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 8 ATLAS: Status and Plans u Calorimeters are all mechanically in place u Electronics installation + commissioning ongoing u Remaining worry: Rad hard LV + HV power supply delivery u In principle OK, but watching carefully u Taking cosmic ray data regularly with Calo barrel u Electronics pulser runs with endcap calos (not cold until early 07) u Inner detector (silicon + straw tubes + pixels) u SCT+TRT Barrel in place, cabling ongoing u Endcaps installed after barrel commissioning (spring 07) u Pixels: cable delivery a worry. May install un-cabled detector in 07. u Muon system u Barrel chamber installation almost done. Cabling until end 06 u Endcap “wheel” assembly started u Magnets u Solenoid tests and maps completed (up to 8 kA with 7.73 kA needed) u Barrel toroid system tests ongoing now (full field ~ mid November) u Endcap toroids installed Spring 2006 u Aim: completed detector summer 2007

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 9 UVic ATLAS Group u Faculty u Albert (started Sep 06), Astbury (retired), Keeler, Kowalewski, Lefebvre (PI 92-03), McPherson (PI 03-), Sobie u Onsite TRIUMF Staff u Birney, Charron, Dowling, Langstaff, Lenckowski u Postdoctoral Research Associates u Fincke-Keeler, Lelas (CERN, started Aug 06), Seuster, Voss (finished May 06), Wielers (finished September 04) u Onsite staff supported by MFA/MRS u Agarwal (Computing Applications), Poffenberger (Detector Physicist) u Current Graduate Students u Berghaus (Ph.D. Lefebvre), Edmonds (M.Sc. Lefebvre/McPherson), Ince (Ph.D., Keeler), Vanderster (Ph.D. Sobie+comp sci) u + one or more of Courneyea, Lessard, Taylor u Degrees Awarded u 7 M.Sc. (Bishop, Fortin, Hughes, Ince, Robertson, Shaw, White) u 2 Ph.D. (Dobbs, O’Neil) u Undergraduate Students u typically 3 per year

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 10 UVic ATLAS Group: Leadership u Founding Spokesperson of ATLAS-Canada (Lefebvre, ) u Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter Chief Engineer (Hodges, ) u LAr HEC Beam Test Software Coordinator (Lefebvre, ) u LAr Cryostat and Cryogenics Steering Committee (Hodges, ; Lefebvre, ) u Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project Leader (Lefebvre, 1997-) u Advisory Committee to the Collaboration Board (Lefebvre, ) u ATLAS-Canada Co-Spokesperson (Keeler, ; McPherson 2004-) u Rep on the International Computing Board (Sobie, ) u LAr Database Coordinator (Sobie, ) u LAr Detector Control System Coordinator (McPherson, ) u LAr Beam Test Software Coordinator (McPherson, 2002-) u ATLAS Offline Commissioning Coordinator (McPherson, 2004-) u ATLAS Data Quality Coordinator (McPherson, 2006-)

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 11 LAr Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project I ATLAS LAr calorimetry has over 180k signal channels which must come through the cryostats  ATLAS LAr calorimetry has over 180k signal channels which must come through the cryostats  Each feedthrough unit carries 1920 electrical channels  Feedthrough units: 64 in barrel, 50 in endcap  The endcap signal feedthrough project is an ATLAS common fund contribution from Canada. Over $4M from NSERC MIG.  This was Canada’s major construction common fund contribution to ATLAS, completed on time and under budget  All endcap feedthough units built at UVic  Onsite TRIUMF staff crucial to the success of the project Onsite MFA supported personnel still critical  Onsite MFA supported personnel still critical Project Leader: Lefebvre Chief Engineer: Hodges

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 12 last feedthrough produced at UVic, 25 Oct 2002 electrical tests at CERN installation at CERN u Installation and tests at CERN u Supervision: Poffenberger u Contributions from u Birney, Chekulaev, Langstaff, undergraduate students u During installation in pit, some delicate uncabling / modifications, recabling needed (ongoing) u Critical to have continuity of Poffenberger’s availability u Possible because of his MFA support at UVic LAr Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project II

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 13 Calorimeter Commissioning u Experience from testbeam carrying over into commissioning LAr calorimeters u Several commissioning “expert weeks” in 2006 u UVic developed u Complete monitoring and reconstruction framework (Lefebvre, McPherson, Seuster, Voss) u Interactive browsing and analysis environment (Ince) u Tutorials and documentation for entire Calorimeter community for commissioning and analysis use u Many early and critical monitoring and debugging analysis tools (Lefebvre, McPherson, Seuster) u  UVic framework used for virtually all LAr commissioning analysis, and now being adopted for other systems, including likely the basis of overall ATLAS data quality monitoring

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 14 Correlation between LAr Middle & Front layer Cosmics in barrel calorimeters LAr Cluster energy (MeV) Time(ns) ADC counts LAr pulse shape  From our monitoring tools

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 15 Calorimeter Calibration I u UVic started on calibration in testbeam context u HEC TB up to 2001, EMEC+HEC 2002, EMEC+HEC+FCAL 2004 u Carrying work through into ATLAS context u Using TB for reconstruction + DB development, MC validation u And developing techniques for in situ calibration in ATLAS u 2002 EMEC+HEC Testbeam u Data converted to final ATLAS data format for future analysis (Seuster) u This will likely be adopted by other systems as well u Continuing effort to port simulation into final ATLAS framework, in particular “calibration hits” or MC truth (Fincke) u  These two efforts together gives us access to the 2002 EMEC+HEC testbeam data as a critical MC validation tool

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 16 Calorimeter Calibration II u Cluster Classification u EM  do nothing u Hadronic  compensate for lost energy u Kai Voss u Developed multivariate analysis tool for cluster classification u Offshoot: “TMVA” analysis package (being integrated into root!) Input: Different cluster moment EnergyDensity 2 nd radial moment

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 17 Calorimeter Calibration III u Recent work to prepare for in situ jet calibration u Seuster, Ince, Lefebvre, McPherson u Defining a set of “jet moments” to diagnose possible jet reconstruction problems u CALIBHIT: EM fraction from MC truth u TRUTH: energy fraction carried by photons in jets u CLUSTER: energy fraction classified as EM u TRACK: energy from aligned tracks u CLUSTER moments for all jets, or vs. E, ET, eta

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 18 High Level Trigger (Kowalewski) 2.5  s ~10 ms ~ sec. software hardware u Resurgence of HLT in Canada u McGill, Montréal, Alberta u UVic joining, with this as main focus of Kowalewski’s ATLAS efforts u Critical issues u Making offline code, calibrations, DBs, run robustly u Robust triggers u Include trigger modeling in analysis

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 19 Computing & Analysis I u UVic had a pioneering role in computing for ATLAS in Canada (Sobie with Agarwal, Vanderster, and many coop students) u Including GridX1, used for both a standalone computational grid and interface to LHC computing grid (LCG), with execution tools fed-back into LCG TRIUMF Tier-1 (CFI-EOF) UNIVERSITY Tier-2 (proposed in CFI-NPF) Canadian proposed Tier-2 Breakdown

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 20 Computing & Analysis II u Critical issues for computing and analysis for ATLAS and ATLAS-Can. u Production systems: real progress being made u Both for Monte Carlo production and Data reconstruction u Development of the CondorG executor for GridX1 adopted for wide LCG production u CondorG: one person do the work of ~ a dozen on the old EDG executor LCG - CondorG u Distributed grid-aware analysis is still in its infancy u Foresee need for physics application specialists at different sites u System administrators will support clusters u Postdocs will support code validation u Application specialists connect the two u Currently at UVic we have Agarwal, supported 50% by MFA, but need will grow as we enter data-taking mode LCG –default executor U.S. Open Science Grid

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 21 Physics... u Positioning ourselves for first physics in ATLAS u Believe strongly that working through detector reconstruction, calibration, commissioning puts us in position for best early physics in ATLAS u And from past experience, best early physics carries on to best final physics u From recent ATLAS-Canada grant request:

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 22 Early Physics: Low mass Drell Yan ee I (Ince Ph.D., Keeler with Lelas) u Drell-Yan (di-lepton production) is a golden LHC search channel u High mass Z’,...  Ince did electron reconstruction in 2002 EMEC-HEC testbeam for M.Sc. thesis, and Lelas developed current e-  clustering for ATLAS u  developing analysis of low-mass Drell-Yan events for early data u Demonstrate modeling of low-mass region and then extend search to high-mass region... u Current studies u Low Pt di-electron reconstruction using only calorimeter information  Around M ll = 60 +/- 5 GeV: expect 60/day at  Around M ll = 10 GeV: expect 1200/day at M ll [GeV]  ee  ll)

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 23 Fully Hadronic Top Pairs (Edmonds M.Sc., Lefebvre, McPherson with Seuster) u Fully hadronic top pair production not previously studied in detail in ATLAS u QCD background large. Current effort: validating 6 hard parton QCD simul. u But many kinematic constraints exist allowing signal selection (especially for boosted tops) u Goals u Develop fully hadronic top quark selection, including trigger u Study kinematic properties of events u Add to mass measurement u But also look for anomalous top production (eg: SUSY or other new physics) tt final states 44% Full hadronic : 6 jets44% Full hadronic : 6 jets 30% Semileptonic : l + + 4jets30% Semileptonic : l + + 4jets 5% Dileptonic : 2 l jets5% Dileptonic : 2 l jets Fully Hadronic Channel: NLO  = NLO  = 369pb -1 (370 kEvents in 1 fb -1 )

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 24 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? I (McPherson, Trigger, possible Courneyea MSc project) u SUSY, Extra dimensions, more... u Modeling missing transverse energy critical  notoriously difficult! u Extract from Data?? MOCK DATA for studies

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 25 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? III Z (  ee) + jets u Under development u Demonstration that we can measure tails in Z+jet and quantify them in other channels u Build corrections directly into analysis u Carry into other hadronic analyses too...

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 26 More data... Higgs properties with t(t)H - I (Albert) u ATLAS sees a Higgs-like object: u Question: is it H 0 SM ?? u Spin = 0 u CP-even u Other models gives alternatives u MSSM: h,H CP-even but A CP-odd u General 2HDM u h1,h2,h3  mixed CP u... host of other models u Using ttH u Can determine top-quark couplings and object CP u With enough data, spin can be extracted too   q q’ ℓ ν u Technique: u Partial Event reconstruction  Increases efficiency O (10x)  Similar to H  selection

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 27 More data... Higgs properties with t(t)H - II

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 28 UVic ATLAS Operations Model u Largest effort is UVic based u Currently 2 postdocs u Most student activity u Analysis based at Victoria u CERN presence critical for commissioning, operations, collaborative interactions u 1 postdoc (requesting to move to two CERN) u Requesting funds to allow ~ 1 year at CERN per PhD student u Significant commuting to CERN for physics and detector weeks u Typically ~ 4 trips per year minimum u Longer stays for commissioning work, future data-taking, or personnel with central core roles u Collaboration within Canada also critical u We share personnel, computing resources across Canada u Have 3 ATLAS-Canada physics meetings per year rotating through country u Plus workshops including Canada and U.S. ATLAS members for specific topics, physics analysis tutorials u Locally have weekly Western Canada (Alberta, Regina, TRIUMF, UBC, UVic, ) ATLAS phone meetings discussing a variety of commissioning, calibration and physics topics u Grew out of weekly UVic ATLAS meetings and still UVic organized

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 29 UVic: (near) future u Foresee continued group expansion u Many new, very good, students interested u And faculty shifting to ATLAS u Clearly need to expand our presence at CERN u Detector operations u And also experience for students u And UVic-based analysis u Physics analysis u Also detector calibration work done remotely u Entering a new epoch in particle physics u Will be an exciting few years...

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 30 Additional Material

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 31 Standard Model: incomplete u Years of precision SM EW tests u Still missing (but required): a Higgs u Gives mass to particles in a renormalizable way u Also enters into physics measurables in loops LEP EWWG, hep-ex/ e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W- Contribution which grows like m e 2 s cancels between Higgs diagram and others

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 32 Constraints on Higgs boson H 0 SM EW Fits: MH free Param. Data from LEP, SLD, Tevatron u MH (summer 2006) u Most likely: u 85 GeV u Direct Search LEP: u > % C.L. u Indirect EW fit constraints: u < % C.L. u Including LEP direct search limit u < % C.L.  Complete the SM: H 0 SM ?   Find H 0 SM ?  Look beyond the SM  New symmetries, compositeness,...

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 33 LHC interactions: p-p collisions 25 ns DETECTOR When protons collide: u Detector response ~ ns u Integrate 1-2 crossings  pile-up ~ min. bias u Detectors fast, highly granular √s’  100 GeV  x 1 x 2 ~ 0.01 √s’  5 TeV  x 1 x 2 ~ 0.35

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 34 Case for Physics “BSM” u Quark/Lepton generations, masses u  Compositeness? Substructure? Strings? u  Common sub-elements quarks/leptons? u Matter-Antimatter asymmetry u CPV in SM (K,B) + Big bang: u Not enough to explain observations  Neutrinos last “SM” hope (given mass  0) u Cosmological constant (dark energy...) u Higgs energy density  GeV/cm 3 (could finesse) u Observationally: < GeV/cm 3 u Fine-Tuning of Higgs mass  Particle loop corrections to M H ~    If theory cut-off  O (M P ) u Fine tuning of corrections 1 : needed  Case strong  But related to mass?  Planck scale??  Here, case for EW scale new physics  LHC  Case strong  Not clear scale

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 35 LHC operational cycle

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 36 Calorimeter Reconstruction u UVic contributes to (almost) all parts of the calorimeter reconstruction and calibration chain u just snapshot of current projects today u Focus on u Local hadronic calibration u jet reconstruction and calibration  New hire (Lelas) gives us in depth e/  reconstruction expertise Local Hadronic Calibration

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit EMEC-HEC-FCAL TB (from Shaw’s MSc Thesis -- Keeler, McPherson) u 2004 TB designed to investigate energy sharing among EMEC, HEC and FCAL u Particularly across significant dead- material in cryostat and supports u In ATLAS, no tracking here, so difficult to calibration in situ u UVic contributions: u Monitoring: Lefebvre, McPherson u Calibration: Shaw, Keeler, McPherson, Wielers u Analysis: Shaw, Keeler, McPherson

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 38 Early Physics: Low mass Drell Yan ee II (early studies)

23 October 2006 McPherson -- UVic: GSC-19 site visit 39 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? II u Currently: produced large background sets with detector problems u 9 LAr HV lines: 224 0, ½ u 2 LAr FEC (1 EMB, 1 EC special): 7680 dead cells u 2 Tile drawers: 41 dead cells