Psychology of Learning EXP4404

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Presentation transcript:

Psychology of Learning EXP4404 Chapter 10: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control Dr. Steve

Topics Covered Generalization Discrimination Stimulus Control Measurement Semantic Generalization Discrimination Discrimination Training SD vs. SΔ Procedures Stimulus Control Theories of Generalization and Discrimination Analysis of Behavior

Generalization Generalization Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

Generalization Generalization is vital to learning and survival and crucial to research Increase generalization by learning or practicing in a variety of settings

Generalization Generalization Gradient

Generalization Primary vs. Secondary Generalization Primary- Secondary

Generalization Semantic Generalization

Generalization Generalization of behaviors following punishment or extinction Inhibitory generalization Responses S-

Discrimination Discrimination Training Training procedure: Acquisition of response in one situation Extinction of response in all other situations

Discrimination Discrimination Training Methods Successive Discrimination Training Simultaneous Discrimination Training Matching to Sample Oddity Matching

Discrimination Discrimination Training S+ S- Video example discrimination training to encourage stair use

Discrimination Errorless Discrimination Training Differential Outcome Effect

Stimulus Control Stimulus Control Imprecise Stimulus Control Precise Generalization Discrimination

Stimulus Control Variables that effect stimulus control (Generalization vs. Discrimination) Practice Schedule of Reinforcement Delay of Reinforcement Goal of Training Generalization Discrimination

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Discrimination Training characterized by:

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Peak Shift S- Behavioral contrast

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Pavlov’s Theory The more closely a neutral stimulus resembles a CS+, If neutral stimulus resembles CS-,

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Spence’s Theory (excitatory gradient) (inhibitory gradient) (algebraic summation) Peak Shift P(Response) S- S+ 750 500 250 1000 Hz Net Gradient Excitatory Gradient Inhibitory Gradient

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Lashley-Wade Theory

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination Kohler’s Relational Theory Transpositional Effect S+ S- Discrimination Training Learned “lighter than”

Analysis of Behavior Mental Rotation or Discrimination Training?

Analysis of Behavior Smoking Relapse

Analysis of Behavior Experimental Neuroses Type of learned helplessness E.g., child who can’t figure out how to please mother (what is considered a properly made bed)