CONJUCTIONS UNIT 26

COORDINATING & CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS CONNECTING WORDS AND PHRASES WITH CONJUNCTIONS

COORDINATING CONJUNTIONS CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

COORDINATINGCONJUNCTIONS

CORRELATIVE CONJUCTIONS

BOTH…AND…

NEITHER…NOR…

is used to emphasize alternatives. The verbs agrees in number with the noun that is closest to it. Either potatoes or rice is fine with me. Either rice or potatoes are fine with me.

is used to emphasize surprising information. The verbs agrees in number with the noun that is closest to it. Not only two drinks but also dessert comes with this entree. Not only dessert but also two drinks come with this entree. is used to emphasize surprising information. The verbs agrees in number with the noun that is closest to it. Not only two drinks but also dessert comes with this entree. Not only dessert but also two drinks come with this entree.

YESNO like ice-cream? been to IST? went to SP, last weekend? like yoghurt? will go to Ankara, this summer?

AND,BUT,OR,SO,YET CONNECTING SENTENCES WITH COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, so, and, yet can connect independent clauses.

Use a comma before the coordinating conjunction when you connect to complete sentences. Starbucks opened in 1971, and it has become an international success. The café sold muffins, but it didn’t sell sandwiches. Consumers liked the food, so sales were good.

İ f the subjects are the same, you do not need to repeat the subject. Also, if the auxiliary verbs or the modals the same, you do not need to repeat the modals or auxiliaries. Do not use a comma before the conjunctions. We ate at that restaurant last week, and we really liked it. = We ate at that restaurant and really liked it. Karen can ride with us, or she can meet us at the restaurant. = Karen can ride with us or meet us at the restaurant. My brother has visited India, and he has eaten fast food there. = My brother has visited Indıa and eaten fast food there.

The changes to the menu attracted many new customers. And the company’s profits rose significantly. In some writing, such as in newspapers and magazines, sentences begin with conjunctions to emphasize information. Do not do this in academic writing.

Use AND to connect an independent clause that adds information. You can also use it to show sequence of events. *He is an excellent cook, and I love his recipes. *This restaurant changed its chef, and now it is very popular.

Use BUT to introduce contrasting or surprising information. This is supposed to be a good Mexican restaurant, but my Mexican friends don’t like it.

Use SO to connect a cause and its result. *Henry doesn’t like pizza(cause), so we ordered pasta (result). *That spice is rare in my country, so I substitute a different one.

YET has the same meaning with BUT. YET sometimes expresses a stronger contrast than BUT. Cathy doesn’t eat clams, yet she eats oysters. The restaurant serves wonderful food, yet it is known more for its music. Cathy doesn’t eat clams, yet she eats oysters. The restaurant serves wonderful food, yet it is known more for its music.

USE THE AUXILIARIES TO REDUCE SENTENCES Use AND..TOO or SO to combine two affirmative(+) sentences. I ate there yesterday. She ate there yesterday. * and + subject + auxiliary + too -I ate there yesterday, and she did, too. * and so + auxiliary + subject -I ate there yesterday, and so did she. Use AND..TOO or SO to combine two affirmative(+) sentences. I ate there yesterday. She ate there yesterday. * and + subject + auxiliary + too -I ate there yesterday, and she did, too. * and so + auxiliary + subject -I ate there yesterday, and so did she.

Use AND…NOT, EITHER or NEITHER to combine two negative sentences. I don’t have any coffee. Kim doesn’t have any coffee. *and + subject + auxiliary +not, either -I don’t have any coffee, and Kim doesn’t, either. *and neither + auxiliary + subject -I don’t have any coffee, and neither does Kim. Use AND…NOT, EITHER or NEITHER to combine two negative sentences. I don’t have any coffee. Kim doesn’t have any coffee. *and + subject + auxiliary +not, either -I don’t have any coffee, and Kim doesn’t, either. *and neither + auxiliary + subject -I don’t have any coffee, and neither does Kim. Use BUT to combine an affirmative and negative sentence. The beef is dry. The chicken isn’t -The beef is dry, but the chicken isn’t. -The chicken isn’t dry, but the beef is. Use BUT to combine an affirmative and negative sentence. The beef is dry. The chicken isn’t -The beef is dry, but the chicken isn’t. -The chicken isn’t dry, but the beef is.

You can also use too, so, either, and neither in separate sentences in speaking and less formal writing.