1 Module 4 Great inventions Unit 3 Language in use

2 Lead in

3 Language practice Paper and printing have been used for ages. The battery hasn’t been charged for a couple of months. Has it been published yet? 现在完成时的被动语态： have/has （ not ） been + 过去分词

4 一般现在时 —— am ／ is ／ are + 动词的过去分词 一般过去时 —— was ／ were + 动词的过去分词 被动语态的构成： be + 动词的过去分词 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时， 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 Presentation

5 Information can be kept on CD-ROMs. Books could only be produced one at a time by hand. Can books be replaced by computers? 情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词（ not ） + be + 过去分词

6 表格：被动语态基本结构 时态被动语态结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will be done would be done have/has been done had been done

7 主动语态如何改成被动语态？ 1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。 2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。 do 3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。 4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必 须加适当的介词 : to ， for. be done

8 例如： give be given to 此类动词还有： pass ， show ， send… 再例如： buy be bought for 此类动词还有： make ， draw ， cook ， mend… 5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略 to 作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时， to 必须 还原。 注 : 不及物动词（ vi.) 不用被动语态。例如 :happen ， take place ， appear ， disappear…

9 几种特殊结构 1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday ． 2.We often hear him play the guitar ． I was given a gift on my birthday ． A gift was given to me on my birthday. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意： see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语 后作宾语补足语的不定式都不带 to ；但改成被动语态后必须带 to 。

10 A recorder is used in our English class every day. recorder English class Let’s practice ！！

11 use…for often play Football is often played all over the world. A camera is used for taking photos. Let’s practice ！！

12 rob yesterday send up last year A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year. A bank was robbed yesterday. Let’s practice ！！

13 must plant cover with in a few years’ time The tree must be planted on the ground. The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time. Let’s practice ！！

14 send to right now a talk give soon They will be sent to the hospital right now. A talk will be given soon. Let’s practice!!

15 dig The earth is being dug now. eat up already The food has been eaten up already. Let’s practice!!

16 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1.I think one day books may _____________(replace) completely. 2. My bike _____________(leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today. 3. The battery ___________________(charge) yet. How can I use my recorder. 4. Paper should not _________(throw) away. has been left hasn’t been charged be thrown be replaced Exercises

17 5. Books and other materials can _____________ (borrow) from the library. 6. I’ve bought a second-hand MP3 player—and about 1,000 songs have _________________(download) onto it! 7. Has the computer ________________(repair) yet? I need to write my article with it. 8. What has ________________(turn on)?The radio. be borrowed been downloaded been turned on been repaired

18 Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer. 1.who/ pyramids/ build? Who were the pyramids built by? a) The Egyptians. b) The Ancient Greeks. c) The Romans. Exercises

19 2. what/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century? What was used to make paper since the 19th century? a) Wood. b) Silk. c) Cotton.

20 3.where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set? Where was the story of Romeo and Juliet set? a) In New York. b) In Athens. c) In London. 4.where/ the world’s oldest book printed on paper/ discover? Where was the world’s oldest book printed on paper discovered? a) In India. b) In China.c) In Egypt.

21 5.how long/ computers/ use? How long were the computers used? a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years. c) For more than 50 years.

22 Make questions and write answers. what/ shouldn’t /do/with paper? (waste) —What shouldn’t be done with paper? — It shouldn’t be wasted. 1.what/can/use/to make paper? (many things) 2.what/ might/use/to replace books one day? (computers) 3.how/must/printers/keep? (in good conditions) 4.where/can/music/keep? (on MP3 players) Exercises

23 How has the place changed? Use these words: add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away, The window The cap The light The basketball The sweater The painting Two chairs The books The dishes have/has been

24 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words. clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use, write Exercises

25 From about 500 BC, pens __________ for writing. The feathers of large birds_____________ and dried. The point of each feather was sharpened. Then people used them to write with ink. Many famous works, such as Shakespeare’s plays, ______________ with these pens. Then,in the 18th century, A pen with a steel writing point ____________. were used were cleaned was invented were produced

26 Only a few words could ____________, however, before the writer had to fill the pen with ink again.Many years later, the fountain pen _______________ from these early pens. In 1950, a European invented the ballpoint pen. The popularity of writing ____________quickly with the ____________ of the ballpoint pen. Even today, ballpoint pens are much less expensive, compared with fountain pens. be written spread was developed introduction

27 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. 1. Could you imagine a digital image of Yao Ming on the wall _____________ a poster? 2. Things made _____________ are usually more expensive than those produced in factories. 3.I haven’t seen my best friend_____________! 4.We’re using too much paper. _____________, I’m going to read all my magazines online. rather than by hand From now on for ages by hand, for ages, from now on, rather than Exercises

28 Around the world E-book As we can now write to each other with , we can read with e-books. E-books first appeared in the 1990s and have made great improvements in their technology. Notes can be written on an e-book, new books can be easily downloaded from the Internet, and it’s much easier and quicker to search for passages. What’s more, a lot of paper

29 Around the world will be saved. Nowadays, the most advanced e-book is about 620g, 18cm long, 12cm wide and 2cm thick. It looks like a real book. But e-books are more expensive than paper books, so not many people can afford them. However, with the rapid development of electronic technology, e-books will become more convenient and cheaper. It is said that in the near future there will be more e-books than paper books.

30 Module task Discussing how to improve inventions

31 I. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.A piano concert __________(give) in the hall last Friday. 2.The flowers _________________(water) by Daming already. 3. Stars can’t __________(see) in the daytime. 4. The small river __________(dry) up since last year. 5.So far, many man-made satellites ____________(send) up into space. was given have been watered be seen has dried have been sent Practice

32 6. My father ________(teach) computer science in a university. 7. The hard task can’t __________(finish) in two months. 8. Knives __________(use) for cutting things. 9. Lingling ________(ask) Betty to attend her birthday party yesterday. 10. Can the magazine __________(take) out of the library? teaches be finished are used asked be taken

33 II. 改写下面的句子，使句意不变，每空一词。 1. I will take care of your son. Your son will _____ _______ ________ ________ by me. 2. My hometown has changed greatly in the last two years. Great changes _______ __________ in my hometown in the last two years. 3. You should hand in the homework at once. The homework should _______ _______ in at once. be taken care of have happened be handed

34 4. My mother has given Tony a present for Christmas. Tony _______ _______ _______ a present for Christmas by my mother. 5. We haven’t been told what to do next. We haven’t been told what _______ _______ _______ next. has been given we should do

35 III. 阅读下面的对话，从方框内选择恰当的句子完成对话。 A. But I don’t think it will be safe to buy things online. B. What do you use the computer for? C. Sometimes I see films and make friends on the computer. D. Do you like shopping online? E. The computer is very important in modern life. A: 1 B: Yes. And many people think that it will be used more widely in the future. A: 2 B: I often read e-books and play games online. 3 A: 4 B: Yes, I do. I hate shopping in crowded shops. A: 5 B: I don’t agree with you. Nothing will go wrong. A E B C D

36 1.Finish the workbook exercises. 2.Make a conclusion of the grammar of this unit. Homework

37 Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。