The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science-a _________ is a ______ used to help you ________ something, often something in a ________ _____ KidsPlayChessOnOnFatGreenStools MyMyVeryEnergeticMotherJustServedUsUsNinePizzas MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies mnemonicdevice remember particularorder

The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science MyMyCatDiedDrinkingHotKool-Aid milli-centi-deci-deka-hecta-kilo- meter liter gram milli-centi-deci-deka-hecta-kilo- meter liter gram Mega-Giga-nano-pico x x x x 10 9 micro- 1 x 10 -6

The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science-unit cancellation 1414 x= x= x= = x= =1 Multiply the Fractions: What fraction would you multiply by to get 1? x= =1 Reciprocal 1 1

The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science-unit cancellation How many hectoliters in a deciliter? 1 dL x 1 L x 1 hL = 110 dL100 L hL How many microliters in a dekaliter? 1 dkL x 10 L x 1 x 10 6 μL = 11 dkL1 L 1 x 10 7 μL (Dimensional Analysis)

The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science-unit cancellation How many megameters in 100 centimeters? 100 cm x 1 m x 1 Mm = 1100 cm1 x 10 6 m 1 x Mm How many picograms in 1000 kilograms? 1000 kg x 1000 g x 1 x pg = 11 kg1 g 1 x pg

The Nature of Science I. The Methods of Science-unit cancellation How many milliliters in 10 microliters? 10 μm x 1 m x 1000 mm = 11 x 10 6 μm1 m 1 x or 0.01 mm How many nanometers in Gigameters? 1 x Gm x 1 x 10 9 m x 1 x 10 9 nm = 11 Gm1 m 1 x nm

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement-the ___________ ______ of _____, or __, is founded on _____ ____ _____, which ______ be ______ _____, and are ___ _______ from _____ _____ InternationalSystemunits SIseven SI base units Base quantityNameSymbol lengthmeterm masskilogram kg timeseconds electric currentampereA thermodynamic temperature kelvinK amount of substancemolemol luminous intensitycandelacd baseunits cannotbrokendown notderivedotherunits

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement-other __ _____ are _______ _____, which are ________ by _________ _______ __ _____, and can be _______ _____ into __ ____ _____ NameSymbolQuantity Expression in terms of other SI units Expression in terms of SI base units square meter Volume Velocity Pressure Newton Joule Watt SIunitsderivedunits obtainedcombining differentSIunitsbroken downSIbaseunits m2m2 Aream2m2 cubic meter m3m3 m3m3 meter per secondm/s Pascal PN/m 2 N Force, Weight kg·m/s 2 JEnergy, WorkN·mkg·m 2 /s 2 WPowerJ/skg·m 2 /s 3

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement-_______ _____ might be ____________ of _____ ____ ___ ____ ____, or a __________ of ____ ____ _____ and other _______ _____ derivedunitscombinations morethanbaseunitone combinationbothbaseunits derivedunits

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement Directions: For each of the derived units in the column on the left below, list the letters of all the base units used in combination to make the derived unit: 1. Newton ____ ____ ____ 2. Watt ____ ____ ____ 3. Hertz ____ 4. Coulomb ____ ____ 5. Gray ____ ____ 6. Volt ____ ____ ____ ____ 7. Tesla ____ ____ ____ 8. Ohm ____ ____ ____ ____ a. kilogram b. meter c. second e. ampere d. mole f. Kelvin g. candela

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab A. Safety: 1. Hypothesis:How can the density of an unknown metal be determined? 2. Prediction: 3. Gather Data: Always use ordinary caution when using electrically- powered laboratory devices like the electronic top- loading balance. Also use ordinary caution when using laboratory glassware. Be sure to report any breakages immediately and police the area.

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL, being sure to read the bottom of the meniscus.

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL, being sure to read the bottom of the meniscus.

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL, being sure to read the bottom of the meniscus. meniscus

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL. 2. Mass a dry sample of mystery metal on the top-loading electronic balance. Record mass to nearest tenth gram.

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL. 2. Mass a dry sample of mystery metal on the top-loading electronic balance. Record mass to nearest tenth gram. 3. Carefully slide the sample of mystery metal down the side of the graduated cylinder while holding the cylinder at an angle. Avoid dropping the sample to protect the glass of the cylinder and prevent splashing of the water out of the cylinder. Record the final volume to nearest tenth mL.

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Obtain a 25-mL graduated cylinder. Fill about half full of water, and record the initial volume to nearest tenth mL. 2. Mass a dry sample of mystery metal on the top-loading electronic balance. Record mass to nearest tenth gram. 3. Carefully slide the sample of mystery metal down the side of the graduated cylinder while holding the cylinder at an angle. Avoid dropping the sample to protect the glass of the cylinder and prevent splashing of the water out of the cylinder. Record the final volume to nearest tenth mL. meniscus

The Nature of Science II. Standards of Measurement A. Measuring Matter-Mystery Metal Density Lab 4. Analyze Data:-calculate the density to the appropriate number of significant digits: 10.3 g = 1.7 mL d 3 significant digits 2 significant digits = =6.1 g/mL 5. Draw Conclusions: How can the density of an unknown metal be determined? _____________________________ ________________________________________ -use the Periodic Table to determine the identity of the Mystery Metal, based on its calculated density: 2 significant digits