Potential and Kinetic Energy

What is Energy  Energy –is the ability to do WORK!!!  Two types of energy –Potential Energy –Kinetic Energy

Potential and Kinetic Energy

 Animation  ew06.sci.phys.maf.rollercoaster/ ew06.sci.phys.maf.rollercoaster/

Potential Energy 1. Energy at rest 2. Stored Energy 3. Higher the object - greater the potential energy

Potential Energy  Which boulder has the least amount of potential energy and Why?

Types of Potential Energy  Elastic potential energy –Energy stored by things that stretch or compress  Gravitational potential energy (GPE) –The amount of GPE an object has depends on its mass, the acceleration due to gravity, and its height above ground.

Quick Write: Elastic Potential Energy  Explain how this rubber band has elastic potential energy!

Quick Write: Potential Energy  When is the spring having potential energy?

Brain Pop Movie: Potential Energy  hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/ brainpop_movies.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/ brainpop_movies.html

Calculating potential energy PEg = m*g*h or PEg =F w *h Units PEg = gravitational potential energyJ or Nm m = masskg g = acceleration due to gravitym/sec 2 h = heightm F w= Force of WeightN NOTE: Units for kinetic and potential energy are J (joules). 1 joule = 1 kg × m 2 /sec 2 = 1 Nm

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Potential Energy Problems 1. A weight lifter lifts a 120 kg mass from the floor to a position above his head, 2.5 meters above the floor. What is the potential energy expressed by the weight? PE= m g h PE = (120)(9.8)(2.5) PE= 2940 J The potential energy of the weight is 2940 J.

2. What is the potential energy of a 90 N boat before it falls from the top of a 30 m waterfall? PE = ? Fw = 90 N h = 30 m PE = Fw*h = (90 N) (30 m) PE = 2700 N m = 2700J

If the acceleration on a new planet is 5.2 m/s 2 and a meteor is sitting on a hilltop at 100 m with 650 J of PE, then what is the mass of the meteor?

Kinetic Energy 1. Energy of motion 2. The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its mass and its velocity

Calculating Kinetic Energy KE = ½ mv 2 Units KE = kinetic energyJ or Nm m = masskg v = velocitym/sec

Example: What is the kinetic energy of a 120 kg object moving at 30 m/sec? KE = ½ mv 2 m = 120 kgv = 30 m/sec KE=? KE = ½ (120 kg)(30 m/sec) 2 KE = (60 kg)(900 m 2 /sec 2 ) = kg m 2 /sec 2 = J

Quick Writes: Kinetic Energy  Which one has the highest KE?  Which one has the least KE? 80 km/h 50 km/h 80 km/h

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Brain Pop Movie: Kinetic Energy  hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/ brainpop_movies.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/ brainpop_movies.html

Potential and Kinetic Energy Practice Problems 1. A 100kg rock sets at the top of a 50 m cliff. What is the rocks potential energy?

2. A 70 kg rock is falling at 30 m/sec. What is its kinetic energy?

3. A 315 kg object sets at the top of a 50 m building. What is its potential energy?

4. A car has 3600 J of kinetic energy and is going 3 m/sec. What is its mass?

Work 1. Transfer of energy through motion. 2.The force must act in the same direction as the motion. 3.F orce exerted through a distance

Example 1: Lifting a log is work. Log moves in the direction the force is applied Example 2: Carrying a log is not work. Log is held up, but moves forward, therefore no work is done on the log.

Calculating Work W = F*d Units W = work J F = force N d = distancem

Example: How much work is done when 87 kg mass is lifted 1.2 m? W = F dd = 1.2 mF W = mg m = 87 kgg = 9.8 m/sec 2 W = mgd W = (87 kg)(9.8 m/sec2)(1.2 m) = 1023 J

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Work Practice Problems 1.You lift 19.0 kg of books 1.3 m. How much work did you do?

2.A carpenter lifts a 80 kg beam 1.4 m and carries it 9 m. How much work is done during the lift? How much work is done on the beam during the carry?

3.If 19.6 J are used to move 16 N object, how far was the object moved?

4.If 1040 J are used to move a 76 N object, how far was it moved?

5.If 763 J are used to move an object 20 m, how much force was used?

6.If J are needed to move an object 73 m, how much force was needed?