Renewable energies in Friuli Venezia Giulia: what is available and to what extent I. Gladich(1), F. Stel(2) & D. B. Giaiotti(2), S. Daniotti(3) & D. Goi(3)

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Renewable energies in Friuli Venezia Giulia: what is available and to what extent I. Gladich(1), F. Stel(2) & D. B. Giaiotti(2), S. Daniotti(3) & D. Goi(3) (1) - Postdoctoral Fellow at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (2) - Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia (3) - Udine University – Department of Environmental Engineering Berlin September 2011 – EMS Annual Meeting Results partially obtained in the frame of the project

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting European Climate Policies (2009/28/CE and COM2008(30) ) push Member States (and Regions) toward a wide recourse to renewables Why renewable energies? Recent negative expression of popular will (referendum) on nuclear power plants pushed Local Administrators to analyse in deeper detail the renewable energies potential Pollution pressure (NOx, O3 and PM) pushes toward an alternative energy basket then toward renewables, which are not completely without emissions A new environmental awareness pushes people toward renewables

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Presentation outline Different types of renewable energies Potentials Caveats and trade-offs Conclusions

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Different types of renewables Hydroelectric Wind Energy Solar Energy (photovoltaic) Biomass

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Hydroelectric Source: Arpa Osmer and Hydrologic Service

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Hydroelectric Source: Arpa Osmer and Hydrologic Service Relatively constant supply of water Strength Draw back Source already widely used Problem with the minimum vital flux for rivers

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Wind Energy Source: Arpa Osmer and Hydrologic Service Cut-in = 3 m/sCut-off = 25 m/s Power curves Frequency of days with daily average wind speed larger than 3 m/s This area is mainly characterized by breezes wind regime

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Wind Energy Frequency of days with daily average wind speed larger than 3 m/s Wind intensity in foothills is high during night time and early morning

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Wind Energy Frequency of days with daily average wind speed larger than 3 m/s Strength Not in phase with peaks of energy request but relatively more in phase with domestic usage (self-production?) Draw back Small areas with sufficient wind speed Mountainous areas (threat for biodiversity)

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Solar Energy Yearly average solar radiation ( ) Cumulative distribution of solar energy ( ) Daily distribution of solar energy ( )

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Solar Energy Yearly average solar radiation ( ) Strength Relatively stable from year to year and relatively large availability In phase with peaks of request Real efficiency of % with state of the art technology Draw back Large variability from day to day and in the different periods of the year Not in phase with the domestic requests

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Biomass One third of the region is covered by forests

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Biomass One third of the region is covered by forests Sources and sinks of CO2 for SNAP sectors PM speciation: Friulian plain Gen-Feb 2011

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Biomass One third of the region is covered by forests Strength Draw back Available and growing renewable energy Low efficiency: only 0.5% of solar energy is converted into wood energy (biomass power plants to produce only electrical energy are extremely ineffective) Biomass is a sink of CO2: should we keep it as a sink or not? Current domestic biomass devices have an high impact on PM concentrations

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Conclusions Wind energy is a niche source in Friuli Venezia Giulia: self production and off-shore Solar energy (photovoltaic) relatively abundant but with an high short term variability Biomass abundant but wise use is only for heat production (small combined plants) Trade-off of biomass with air-pollution and carbon sink Do not forget energy saving

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale Berlin, September 2011 EMS Annual Meeting Thank you for your attention