 Maintaining fluid balance is crucial in health and wellness  Fluid intake should * fluid output

 70% of adult body consists of water ◦ 1% short= * ◦ 5% short= slight shortage ◦ 12% short= possible death  Daily recommendation: * of body weight in ounces ◦ Ex: Weight: 140 lbs  Should drink a minimum 70 oz of water per day

 Average * output= 1500 cc’s  Water is also lost from: ◦ Skin ◦ Insensible water loss: cc’s  Lungs: 400cc  Gastrointestinal tract : 100 cc’s ◦ Sensible water loss: *  Ex: urination

 Excessive loss of body fluid  Causes ◦ Diarrhea ◦ Vomiting ◦ Bleeding ◦ Excessive perspiration * ◦ Poor fluid intake

 Symptoms ◦ Fever is present ◦ * urine output ◦ Urine is concentrated ◦ * ◦ Membranes are dry and it is difficult to swallow. ◦ Tongue is coated and thickened. ◦ Skin becomes hard, cracks and is dry and warm

 Swelling  Causes ◦ High * ◦ Infections ◦ Injuries or burns ◦ Certain kidney diseases ◦ Certain heart diseases or heart inefficiencies ◦ Sitting too long in one position

 Symptoms ◦ * in urine output ◦ Gain in weight ◦ Puffiness or swelling ◦ Sometimes *

 All liquid taken by mouth  Any food item that turns to * at room temperature ◦ gelatin, ice cream, ice  All fluid taken by *  All NG irrigation fluid

 Any liquid or solid that is leaving the body ◦ Urine ◦ * (vomit) ◦ Suctioned secretions ◦ Drainage ◦ Stool ◦ Excessive perspiration

 Chart any fluid taken in and any fluid that is eliminated.  Record in * (ml). (1 cc= 1ml)  To convert ounces to milliliters: ◦ 30 X (number of ounces) = number of ml

 Things to know: ◦ 1 Tbsp=* ◦ 30 mL=* ◦ 1 tsp=* ◦ 1 cc=* ◦ 1 cup = *oz = * ml

13  In hospital settings, international time, also known as military time, is used exclusively  Orders are written 24 hours a day and all medical-related caretakers must understand exactly when the order was written and when the medication or treatment is to take place

14