Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Psychosocial Development in Adolescence Lecture Week 13 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence Lecture Week 13

Overview Relationships with Family, Peers, and Adult Society Relationships with Family, Peers, and Adult Society Is Adolescent Rebellion a Myth? Is Adolescent Rebellion a Myth? How Adolescents Spend Their Time How Adolescents Spend Their Time Adolescents and Parents Adolescents and Parents Adolescents and Siblings Adolescents and Siblings Peer and Friends Peer and Friends Anti-social Behaviour and Delinquency Anti-social Behaviour and Delinquency

Adolescence Adolescents spend more time with ______ and less with ______________ Adolescents spend more time with ______ and less with ______________ Fundamental values remain close to their parents’ Fundamental values remain close to their parents’ Adolescents turn to peers for companionship and ____________ and to parents for a secure base from which they can try their wings (roots and wings) Adolescents turn to peers for companionship and ____________ and to parents for a secure base from which they can try their wings (roots and wings)

Is Adolescent Rebellion A Myth? G. Stanley ______ believed that young people ’ s efforts to adjust to their changing bodies and demands of adulthood usher in a period of “ storm and ______________ ” G. Stanley ______ believed that young people ’ s efforts to adjust to their changing bodies and demands of adulthood usher in a period of “ storm and ______________ ” Full-fledged rebellion appears to be ___________, at least among middle-class youngsters who are in school (1:5 experience rebellion) Full-fledged rebellion appears to be ___________, at least among middle-class youngsters who are in school (1:5 experience rebellion) Although adolescents may defy parental authority with some regularity, it does not normally lead to major family conflict or a sharp break with parental or societal standards Although adolescents may defy parental authority with some regularity, it does not normally lead to major family conflict or a sharp break with parental or societal standards Most young people feel _________ to and _______ about their parents, share opinions on major issues, and value their parents’ approval Most young people feel _________ to and _______ about their parents, share opinions on major issues, and value their parents’ approval

Changing Time Use and Changing Relationships As youngsters move through adolescence, much of this time is spent talking and “ hanging out ” with peers, and increasingly with peers of the ___________ sex As youngsters move through adolescence, much of this time is spent talking and “ hanging out ” with peers, and increasingly with peers of the ___________ sex

Family The character of family interactions changes: The character of family interactions changes: Less time watching television together but more one on one __________________ Less time watching television together but more one on one __________________ Mothers appear to be more approachable than fathers for adolescents Mothers appear to be more approachable than fathers for adolescents _______ of grade 10 students feel their parents understand them (more boys than girls) _______ of grade 10 students feel their parents understand them (more boys than girls)

Family Conflict Parents want their children to be _______________ but find it difficult to let go Parents want their children to be _______________ but find it difficult to let go Family conflict is often over “how much” or “how soon” and concern day to day matters Family conflict is often over “how much” or “how soon” and concern day to day matters Most frequent during early adolescence (strains of ________________) but most intense during middle adolescence (____________ strains around independence) Most frequent during early adolescence (strains of ________________) but most intense during middle adolescence (____________ strains around independence) Hinges on adolescents’ personality (hot temper, meanness, anxiety) and parents’ treatment of them Hinges on adolescents’ personality (hot temper, meanness, anxiety) and parents’ treatment of them

Parenting Styles Most adolescents’ ______________ when they feel they come from a loving home with responsive parents Most adolescents’ ______________ when they feel they come from a loving home with responsive parents ____________________ parenting seems to work best because they insist on important rules, norms, and values but are willing to listen, explain, & negotiate ____________________ parenting seems to work best because they insist on important rules, norms, and values but are willing to listen, explain, & negotiate Teens whose parents were strict in enforcing behavioral rules had fewer behavioral problems than those with more _____________ parents Teens whose parents were strict in enforcing behavioral rules had fewer behavioral problems than those with more _____________ parents

What kinds of issues caused the most conflict in your family when you were a teenager, and how were they resolved? If you had lived with both parents, were your conflicts more with one parent than with the other? Did your mother and father handle such issues similarly or differently? What kinds of issues caused the most conflict in your family when you were a teenager, and how were they resolved? If you had lived with both parents, were your conflicts more with one parent than with the other? Did your mother and father handle such issues similarly or differently?

Adolescents and Siblings Adolescents are less __________ to siblings than to either parents or friends, are less influenced by them, and become even more _____________ as they move through adolescence Adolescents are less __________ to siblings than to either parents or friends, are less influenced by them, and become even more _____________ as they move through adolescence Adolescents still show intimacy, ________, and admiration for their brothers and sisters Adolescents still show intimacy, ________, and admiration for their brothers and sisters Younger siblings still tend to look up to older ones Younger siblings still tend to look up to older ones

Peers And Friends The peer group is: a source of emotional support during a complex transition as well as a source of ________________ for behaviour a source of emotional support during a complex transition as well as a source of ________________ for behaviour a source of affection, sympathy, understanding, and __________ guidance a source of affection, sympathy, understanding, and __________ guidance a place for experimentation a place for experimentation a setting for achieving autonomy and independence from parents a setting for achieving autonomy and independence from parents a place to form ____________ relationships a place to form ____________ relationships

Antisocial Behavior And Juvenile Delinquency What influences young people to engage in – or refrain from - violence? What influences young people to engage in – or refrain from - violence? What determines whether or not a juvenile will grow up to be a hardened criminal? What determines whether or not a juvenile will grow up to be a hardened criminal?

An Epidemic of Youth Violence (Box 17-2) ______________________ ______________________ Refuse to listen to ______________ figures Refuse to listen to ______________ figures Ignore feelings of others Ignore feelings of others Mistreat people Mistreat people Rely on violence to solve problems Rely on violence to solve problems Believe life has treated them _____________ Believe life has treated them _____________ Look ______________ than peers Look ______________ than peers Cut classes (held back, suspended, drop out) Cut classes (held back, suspended, drop out) Use alcohol, drugs, join gangs, fight, steal, or _____________ property Use alcohol, drugs, join gangs, fight, steal, or _____________ property Video: Bowling for Columbine Video: Bowling for Columbine

Those Prone to Violence Female perpetrators of violence Female perpetrators of violence ____________________ opinions of themselves ____________________ opinions of themselves Life experience in which women were ___________ and violence was considered justified Life experience in which women were ___________ and violence was considered justified Overly permissive or ____________ home atmosphere Overly permissive or ____________ home atmosphere Negative self-image prevents them from successfully succeeding at school or other constructive interests Negative self-image prevents them from successfully succeeding at school or other constructive interests _____________ or fearless, low IQ’s, learning disabilities _____________ or fearless, low IQ’s, learning disabilities Witnessed or have been victims of ________________ Witnessed or have been victims of ________________ Heavy exposure to media violence (desenstizing viewers to violence and depicting situations in which aggression is rewarded or justified) Heavy exposure to media violence (desenstizing viewers to violence and depicting situations in which aggression is rewarded or justified)

Prevention Signs that the epidemic of youth violence is _________________ Signs that the epidemic of youth violence is _________________ Successful preventive programs have given parents help in reducing the stress of child rearing and training in ________________ skills Successful preventive programs have given parents help in reducing the stress of child rearing and training in ________________ skills Give young people substantial responsibility and opportunities to participate in making rules Give young people substantial responsibility and opportunities to participate in making rules Suggestions for parents; _______ and monitor television viewing, encourage participation in sports and other supervised after-school activities, use non-physical methods of discipline, teaching young people to stand up against _________________ Suggestions for parents; _______ and monitor television viewing, encourage participation in sports and other supervised after-school activities, use non-physical methods of discipline, teaching young people to stand up against _________________

Is There a ‘Universal Adolescent’? Offer Self Image Questionnaire (5,938 adolescents in 10 countries) Offer Self Image Questionnaire (5,938 adolescents in 10 countries) Five aspects to self Five aspects to self 1. Psychological self 2. ___________l self 3. Sexual self 4. Familial self 5. ____________ self

Results Cross-cultural commonalities particularly familial, social, and _____________ Cross-cultural commonalities particularly familial, social, and _____________ ______ out of 10 had positive feelings toward parents, valued work, and friendship, and tried to learn from _______________ ______ out of 10 had positive feelings toward parents, valued work, and friendship, and tried to learn from _______________ Described themselves as _______, able to cope with life, make decisions, and enjoyed a job well done, were confident in their sexuality, did not harbour grudges against parents, saw their mother and fathers as getting along most of the time, expected to be able to take ___________ Described themselves as _______, able to cope with life, make decisions, and enjoyed a job well done, were confident in their sexuality, did not harbour grudges against parents, saw their mother and fathers as getting along most of the time, expected to be able to take ___________