THE 1930s The Desperate Years. Causes of the Great Depression -distribution of income -stock market speculation -international trade barriers -mechanization.

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Presentation transcript:

THE 1930s The Desperate Years

Causes of the Great Depression -distribution of income -stock market speculation -international trade barriers -mechanization of industry -lassiez-faire government policies -lack of diversification

Suffering Caused By the Depression -25% to 33% unemployment -25% underemployment -national income cut 50% -85,000 business closed -400,000 farm families lost their farms -25% US banks closed -

Suffering (continued) -the Dust Bowl; a ten year drought in the Great Plains -millions homeless, hungry, many of them children -many men deserted their families -no unemployment available -psychological impact; depression suicides tripled -women and minorities laid off first -school systems went bankrupt and closed schools -desperation drove many WWI veterans to join the Bonus Army

Oklahoma farms during the Dust Bowl A home in a Hooverville in Washington, D.C.

Camp of the Bonus Army, Washington D.C.

How Did the Government Respond? President Herbert Hoover was blamed for the Depression -tried to help the people by helping business -gov’t building projects like Hoover Dam -loans to businesses; Reconstruction Finance Corp. -believed all welfare payments hurt the self respect of all who received it -President was often seen as uncaring - “Hoovervilles”, “Hoover Blankets”

Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

FDR: President Franklin D. Roosevelt -elected in a landslide in 1932; promised a “New Deal” -famous inauguration speech, “All we have to fear…” -upbeat personality, hid his disability -Eleanor Roosevelt changed the role of the First Lady -FDR’s initial changes: the Bank Holiday Fireside chats

The Depression Continued… Minority groups suffered disproportionately - 50%+ unemployment -the Black Shirts of Atlanta -the Scottsboro Case Chicanos and Native Americans treated as badly as Blacks Escapism became important to Americans in 1930s -radio shows; ‘Amos and Andy’, Dick Tracy” -upbeat movies - hit novel of the decade; “Gone With the Wind”

Movie poster for the Re-release of “Gone With the Wind” and a photo of Hattie McDaniel as “Mammy”