The Continuing Fight For Equality What gains and losses does the Women’s movement experience?

Feminism 1963: Betty Friedan raises the issue of depression among housewives in her book The Feminine Mystique “Women of the world unite! The only thing you have to lose is your vacuum cleaners!” Women realize they do not have equal responsibilities or opportunities in society! Feminist movement beings.

Women Organize 1966: Friedan founds National Organization for Women (NOW) forms Goals: 1) Childcare to allow women to work 2) end gender discrimination in the workplace (175K members by 1970) NOW protests Miss America pageant in Atlantic City. NOW throws bras, girdles, wigs at contestants & in “Freedom Trashcans” 1971: journalist Gloria Steinem, forms National Women’s Political Caucus & Ms. Magazine to bring women’s issues to mainstream

Taking control of their bodies… Roe v. Wade (1973) NOW becomes involved in a woman’s right to an abortion Burger Court rules 7-2 that a woman has the right to choose an abortion in first trimester of pregnancy, no matter circumstances Birth control pill approved by FDA in 1960 is also in wide use.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 1972: Congress passes the Equal Rights Amendment – constitutional guarantee of gender equality, Nixon signs it Must now be approved by 3/4ths of states to become law Phyllis Schlafly starts conservative “Stop-ERA” campaign By 1982 Amendment fails

How successful was the women’s movement in expanding opportunities for women? Do you think women still encounter discrimination in the workplace or are things generally fair?

Gay Rights Movement

Early Events in the Gay Rights Movement 1924 The Society for Human Rights in Chicago becomes the country's earliest known gay rights organization Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, revealing to the public that homosexuality is far more widespread than was commonly believed The Mattachine Society, the first national gay rights organization, is formed The first lesbian-rights organization in the United States, the Daughters of Bilitis, was established in San Francisco in 1955.

Stonewall Riots Stonewall Inn in NY was one of the few bars that allowed openly gay patrons. NYPD, who routinely raided gay bars to arrest the patrons, raided Stonewall Inn in June of Crowd gathered at Stonewall, begin to fight back against police, riot ensues. Gays and police clash throughout 1970, Gays & Lesbians begin to fight for equal rights.

Video Clip Question: How did Stonewall mark a turning point in the gay rights movement?

Gay Pride Parades

Milk Fights For Gay Rights As Gays advocate for equal rights, Conservative America responds w/ anti-gay laws Singer Anita Bryant got behind a movement to repeal a law that made it illegal to discriminate against homosexuals In San Francisco, Harvey Milk became the countries first openly gay elected official In public speeches Milk challenged Bryant and others who were trying to pass new laws, like Prop 6 in California Milk was killed by a disgruntled SF Supervisor Dan White, who resigned and could not get his job back - “Twinkie Defense”

1980’s AIDS Crisis 1981, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) hits male gay community hard.

The Movement Today Laws in the 90’s under Clinton administration such as “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” and DOMA were a set back. May 18, 2004, Massachusetts becomes the first state to legalize gay marriage. In the following six years, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Iowa and Washington D.C. will follow suit. November 4, 2008, California voters approve Proposition 8, making same-sex marriage in California illegal. December 18, 2010, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" repealed. February 23, 2011, President Obama states his administration will no longer defend the DOMA. 2010, Proposition 8 ruled unconstitutional. April 28, 2015, Supreme Court hears oral arguments for Gay Marriage.