Global Climate Change mitigation through Participatory Management of Multifunctional Forests: Carbon Sink Project as a Community- driven Approach in Harda, MP, India Deep Narayan Pandey IUFRO Research Group Ethnoforestry Indian Institute of Forest Management Bhopal, India

Not to the scale

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Carbon emissions associated with fossil fuel combustion. (Top) Carbon emissions per person, (Bottom) 1999 Carbon emissions and expected increase by Sandalow, David B., Bowles, Ian A. Fundamentals of Treaty-Making on Climate Change Science :

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Carbon Values of Sample Forest Plots tC ha -1

Lessons from conservation proxy for Carbon Sink Loss of original habitat (expressed in % of original distribution)

Key functions Key management guidelines for multifunctional forests Biodiversity Conservation and maintenance of ecosystem functions  Representation of all forest types in protected areas, both formal 1 and ethnoforestry regimes. · Protection of natural forests against wild-fires, grazing, and unmanaged removals · Priority protection to threatened ecosystems such as tropical dry forests · Preventing fragmentation and providing connectivity to conserve biodiversity in landscape continuum. Fragmentation of natural forests has a sequential path that starts with killing of big trees followed by degeneration of habitat specialists, paucity of regeneration due to impoverished seed germination in fragments, and ends in denuded areas. · Maintenance of gene pool diversity in natural and cultural landscapes · Restoration of degraded forests with multiple use trees, shrubs and herbs along with regeneration regimes that necessarily combine rainwater harvest, direct seeding, resprouting, and plantations if needed. · Maintenance of woody vegetation in ethnoforestry regimes in landscape continuum (households, cultural landscapes, agroecosystems, and wilderness). · Protection to a variety of woody vegetation management regimes in agroecosystems to maximize social and economic benefits to the people as well maintenance of ecosystems functions such as natural pest control, pollination, carbon storage, regulation of hydrological cycle etc. · Only low intensity logging followed by matching regeneration in secondary forests and ethnoforestry regimes. · Protection of the functional groups of biodiversity Protection to large trees in natural, cultural and human modified landscapes as they act as seed source, conserve carbon pool, and act as habitat for seed-dispersing birds, small mammals, and other faunal species. · Soil conservation, and enhancement of soil fertility through conservation/restoration of woody leguminous species across landscape continuum. · Application of the principles of sustainability science for forest management attempting to address the nature-society interaction will need an interdisciplinary approach as well as multiple stocks of knowledge and institutional innovations to navigate transition towards a sustainable forest management · Community-based management regimes built on the principle of equity of knowledge among stakeholders, and that rely capitalizing on natural recovery mechanisms will prevent further catastrophic shift and degradation and retain the multiple values of land. Yield of goods and services to the society Enhancing the carbon storage in trees, woody vegetation and soils Social, economic well-being

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Further Reading: Ravindranath, N. H., Pandey, D. N., Murthy, I., Bist, R. and Jain, D Communities & Climate Change (ed. Poffenberger, M.), CFI, Santa Barbara, USA, pp Pandey, D. N Global climate change and carbon management on multifunctional forests. Current Science 83: Pandey, D. N Sustainability science for tropical forests. Conservation Ecology 6 (1): r13. Pandey, D. N Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Climate Policy (in press).