The new politics of pastoralism: identity, justice and global activism Caroline Upton University of Leicester,

Outline Environmental justice: scale & scope Pastoralism & the global pastoralists movement –Definitions –Events & spaces Dimensions of justice: contesting development –Identity politics –Injustice –Accountability & representation Conclusions

Environmental justice: scale & scope Scale: – creation of transnational spaces –vertical extensions of justice struggles, globalising vertically (Walker 2009:370) –interlinked spatialities & accountabilities –state & identity

Environmental justice: scale & scope Scope: – distributive justice –(mis)recognition – trivalence (Schlosberg, 2004) –identity (formation) & legitimacy

Pastoralism & the global pastoralists movement Definitions: –Pastoralism as an adaptive production strategy assuring the economic survival of hundreds of millions of people as well as a way of life contributing to the sustainable management of natural resources and the conservation of nature (Segovia Declaration, 2007) –pastoralism [should be understood as]... a mode of perception as well as a mode of production (Markakis, 2004:14). –Mobility and indigeneity

Pastoralism & the global pastoralists movement Events and spaces (1): Turmi, Ethiopia, 2005: almost for the first time...put pastoral voices ahead of others in the debate about pastoral futures... (Scott- Villiers, 2005)

Pastoralism & the global pastoralists movement Events and spaces (2): Segovia Global Pastoralists Gathering, Spain 2007: Segovia Declaration: –Cognitive & procedural justice –Adaptive capacity & conservation –Contesting development (Source: IUCN, WISP)

Pastoralism & the global pastoralists movement Events and spaces (3): World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP)

Dimensions of justice: contesting development Identity politics: –Indigenous and pastoralist identities Mongolia Kenya Injustice –marginalisation –land issues –misrecognition

Dimensions of justice: contesting development e.g. Endorois case, Kenya: –conservation /indigeneity framings –explicit recognition of right to development –Kenyas new indigenes (Lynch, 2011) (Source: ditshwanelo.org.bw) (Source: galdu.org)Source:justconservation.org

Dimensions of justice: contesting development Accountability & representation: –Politics of representation e.g. Segovia, UNPFII –Trade-offs & efficacy: achieving tripartite environmental justice

Conclusions Global environmental justice: contesting development? Role of identity politics Efficacy & limitations Future prospects