ID A16C: Outfitting Embedded Devices with Low Power Wireless Communications Design considerations for adding wireless communications to low power embedded devices Shimon Gersten CTO Talon Communications 14 October 2010 Version: 1.0

2 Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** Solutions for Innovation ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 **Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis).

33 Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 **Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). Solutions for Innovation

44 Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia  Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process  Video and audio processing on Linux  Server, Industrial & Automotive  Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process  600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby  Medical, Automotive & Industrial  Legacy Cores  Next-generation migration to RX High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Embedded Security  Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process  350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby  Capacitive touch  Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby  Application-specific integration  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process  1mA/MHz, 100uA standby  Crypto engine, Hardware security  Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process  500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby  Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display High Performance CPU, Low Power Ultra Low Power General Purpose

55 Definitions ISM – Instrumentation, Scientific & Medical bands. The 2.4GHz band is international. LPW – Low Power Wireless. The ISM transmitted power allowed by various countries. MAC – Media Access Control RF – Radio Frequency RTOS – Real Time Operating System

66 Sections Components of LPW devices Wireless protocols Wireless demand on software Wireless demands on power Major selection criteria Q & A

77 Components of LPW Battery Powered Devices – Typical Antenna RF matching Radio MAC HW MCU Power control Battery

88 Printed Antenna External Antennas Components of LPW Devices

99 Embedded antennas Rechargeable battery Components of LPW Battery Powered Devices

10 RF module with Radio IF Components of LPW Devices

11 Network Processor RF module Complete RF solution API IF to MCU Components of LPW Devices

12 RF module with integrated ICs for radio, Power amp and LNA, and matching. Radio IF to MCU Components of LPW Devices

13 Antennas Internal Wire Printed Chip External Omni directional Directional Components of LPW Devices

14 Wireless Protocols – ISM bands IEEE – WiFi Bluetooth – new LE Zigbee – new SE 2.0 (6lowPAN) ANT Proprietary

15 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Performance Interoperability Network Topology Energy consumption Time to market Cost

16 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Performance Throughput – amount of payload per time Latency – time it takes for a specific data item to arrive. Reliability – odds of all data arriving up corrupted

17 Interoperability Wifi – MAC [.11a,.11b,.11g,.11n] Ethernet IEEE Bluetooth – profiles [headset, printer, HID …] BLE – profiles [healthcare, sports] ZigBee – profiles [HA, Smart Energy, health …] ANT+ - profiles [heartbeat, bicycle, scale …] Proprietary – No Interop Wireless Protocols – Decision Making

18 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Network Topology Point to point Star – Hub point to many points Peer to peer – Communicating pairs Mesh - Any point, of many, to any - Networks nodes serve as routers

19 Wireless Demand on Software Sleep modes Run-time efficiency Co-existence with MAC Share common resources Power management

20 Wireless Demand on Software Share common resources RTOS Interrupts Timers RAM Code space Peripherals

21 Wireless Demand on Power Receiver ON time Transmitter power Bit rate Error rate Overhead Wakeup time

22 Major Selection Criteria Wireless protocol Level of RF integration Power source Enclosure

23 Wireless protocol This is usually the first criteria to apply. The selection of wireless protocol may affect: Processor class [32,16 or 8 bit] RAM size Code size Interoperability Power requirements Device cost Time to market Major Selection Criteria

24 Major Selection Criteria Level of RF integration This is both business and engineering criteria. The selection of fully integrated module vs. custom implementation depends on: Performance requirements Power limitation Projected volume Product maturity Available expertise Time to market Produce life and support

25 RF Module Risk

26 Level of RF integration – radio selection example: TI AtmelNordic CC2400CC2500 ATR24 06 nRF24 L01 10K [$] K 2.00 max rate [Mbps] max channels RX at rate current [mA] dBm current [mA] sleep current [microA] standby current [microA] 22 RX max rate [-dBm] Modulation MSKGFSK sleep to up [mS] standby to up [mS] 0.13 SPI max rate [Mbps] carrier detection yes RSSI yes auto ACK yes auto retry no yes crystal [+/-PPM], [MHz] 20,1640,26 10, ,16 Major Selection Criteria

27 Major Selection Criteria Power source This is both usability and engineering criteria. The selection of power source depends on: Power requirements [mains, battery, harvested …] Use case [no user access, available charger …] Device dimensions [4 x 30 x 40mm] Device weight [10 grams]

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