Physics II: Electricity & Magnetism Introduction, Sections 21.1 to 21.5

Additional Exploratory Topics & Activities  Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research:   Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research: 

Additional Exploratory Topics & Activities  Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research:   Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research: 

Wednesday (Day 1)

Warm-Up Wed, Jan 21  Pick up the following handouts and find your seat:  Journal  Syllabus  Homework Expectations Packet  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I)  Scantron Sheet  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  Place your homework on my desk:  Not Applicable Wed, Jan 21  Pick up the following handouts and find your seat:  Journal  Syllabus  Homework Expectations Packet  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I)  Scantron Sheet  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  Place your homework on my desk:  Not Applicable

Journal entry Wed, Jan 21  Why did you decide to take Physics II: Electricity & Magnetism? Wed, Jan 21  Why did you decide to take Physics II: Electricity & Magnetism?

Essential Question(s)  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  What foundational mathematics’ skills are necessary to be successful in Physics II?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  What foundational mathematics’ skills are necessary to be successful in Physics II?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Agenda  Introduction  Room Tour  Missing work bin  Stapler, 3-Hole Punch, Sharpener, Scissors, etc.  Distribute Daily Journal and Lab Journal  Distribute Textbooks  Physics Book on top  Discuss Syllabus, and HW/Journal/Lab Expectations  Web Assign  Complete the following  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) on Scantron  Introduction  Room Tour  Missing work bin  Stapler, 3-Hole Punch, Sharpener, Scissors, etc.  Distribute Daily Journal and Lab Journal  Distribute Textbooks  Physics Book on top  Discuss Syllabus, and HW/Journal/Lab Expectations  Web Assign  Complete the following  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) on Scantron

Mr. Roe’s Background Information  Interests  Physics Club - After School on Thursdays  Undergraduate - IUP  B.S. in Physics Education  B.S. in Chemistry Education  Graduate – Bloomsburg  M.S. in Instructional Technology  Interests  Physics Club - After School on Thursdays  Undergraduate - IUP  B.S. in Physics Education  B.S. in Chemistry Education  Graduate – Bloomsburg  M.S. in Instructional Technology

 Distribute Textbooks  Room Tour  Missing work bin  Stapler, 3-Hole Punch, Sharpener, Scissors, etc.  Distribute Textbooks  Room Tour  Missing work bin  Stapler, 3-Hole Punch, Sharpener, Scissors, etc.

Syllabus - Highlights  web:  Tutoring Hours  Due dates  Resources  Intouch   web:  Tutoring Hours  Due dates  Resources  Intouch 

Physics Textbooks  Physics II - Electricity and Magnetism  “ Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics ” (Giancoli)  Physics II - Electricity and Magnetism  “ Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics ” (Giancoli)

Physics II - Electricity and Magnetism  Electrostatics  Charge, Field, and Potential  Coulomb ’ s Law and Field and Potential of Point Charges  Fields and Potentials of Other Charge Distributions  Gauss ’ s Law  Conductors, Capacitors, Dielectrics  Electrostatics with Conductors  Capacitors  Dielectrics  Electrostatics  Charge, Field, and Potential  Coulomb ’ s Law and Field and Potential of Point Charges  Fields and Potentials of Other Charge Distributions  Gauss ’ s Law  Conductors, Capacitors, Dielectrics  Electrostatics with Conductors  Capacitors  Dielectrics

Physics II - Electricity and Magnetism  Electric Circuits  Current, Resistance, Power  Steady-State Direct Current Circuits with Batteries and Resistors Only  Capacitors in Circuits  Magnetostatics  Forces on Moving Charges in Magnetic Fields  Forces on Current-Carrying Wires in Magnetic Fields  Fields of Long Current-Carrying Wires  The Biot-Savart Law and Ampere ’ s Law  Electric Circuits  Current, Resistance, Power  Steady-State Direct Current Circuits with Batteries and Resistors Only  Capacitors in Circuits  Magnetostatics  Forces on Moving Charges in Magnetic Fields  Forces on Current-Carrying Wires in Magnetic Fields  Fields of Long Current-Carrying Wires  The Biot-Savart Law and Ampere ’ s Law

Physics II - Electricity and Magnetism  Electromagnetism  Electromagnetic Induction  Inductance (LR, LC, and LRC Circuits)  Maxwell ’ s Equations in Integral Form  Electromagnetic Waves  Additional Topics:  Waves (Light, Sound, etc.)  Mirrors and Lenses  Electromagnetism  Electromagnetic Induction  Inductance (LR, LC, and LRC Circuits)  Maxwell ’ s Equations in Integral Form  Electromagnetic Waves  Additional Topics:  Waves (Light, Sound, etc.)  Mirrors and Lenses

Physics II Weighted Scale:  35%: Tests & Projects  10%: Quizzes  30%: *Homework / Class Work  *  Username: lastnamefirstinitial (roes)  Institution: cedarcliff.pa  Password: ccphysics  15%: Laboratories / Lab Reports  10%: Journal  35%: Tests & Projects  10%: Quizzes  30%: *Homework / Class Work  *  Username: lastnamefirstinitial (roes)  Institution: cedarcliff.pa  Password: ccphysics  15%: Laboratories / Lab Reports  10%: Journal

Summary  In regards to Electricity & Magnetism, write down:  3 things you already knew from today  2 things that you learned today  1 thing you would like to know  HW (Place in your agenda):  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) on Scantron  In regards to Electricity & Magnetism, write down:  3 things you already knew from today  2 things that you learned today  1 thing you would like to know  HW (Place in your agenda):  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) on Scantron

Thursday (Day 2)  Section 21.1  Section 21.2  Section 21.1  Section 21.2

Journal Entry Thurs, Jan 22  What is the charge of a proton?  What is the charge of an electron?  What happens to a _______ charge when a _______ charge is around it?  positive; negative  positive; positive  negative; negative  negative; positive  Place your homework on my desk:  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) & Scantron Thurs, Jan 22  What is the charge of a proton?  What is the charge of an electron?  What happens to a _______ charge when a _______ charge is around it?  positive; negative  positive; positive  negative; negative  negative; positive  Place your homework on my desk:  Student Information Sheet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part I) & Scantron

Warm-Up Wed, Jan 21  Pick up the following handouts and find your seat:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  Place your homework on my desk:  Not Applicable Wed, Jan 21  Pick up the following handouts and find your seat:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  Place your homework on my desk:  Not Applicable

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Introduction to Electrostatics  Pick up the following handouts:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part II)  Introduction to Electrostatics  Pick up the following handouts:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet  “What do you know?” Packet (Part II)

Chapters 21 & 22 Electric Charge and Electric Field; Gauss’s Law

Units of Chapter 21 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation Electric Charge in the Atom Insulators and Conductors Induced Charge; the Electroscope Coulomb’s Law Solving Problems Involving Coulomb’s Law and Vectors The Electric Field

Units of Chapter 21 & 22 Field Lines Electric Fields and Conductors Chaper 22 Electric Flux Gauss’s Law Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication

Section 21.1  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe the characteristics of a positive electric charge?  How do we describe the characteristics of a negative electric charge?  How do we describe the law of conservation of electric charge?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe the characteristics of a positive electric charge?  How do we describe the characteristics of a negative electric charge?  How do we describe the law of conservation of electric charge?

21.1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation Objects can be charged by rubbing

21.1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation Charge comes in two types, positive and negative; like charges repel and opposite charges attract † Electricity comes from the Greek word elektron, which means “ amber ”

Can transfer charge from one material to another suitable material simply by rubbing: A Teflon rod rubbed with fur acquires a negative charge, while the fur becomes positively charged. This is called charging by friction Electric Charge - a property of matter

21.1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation Electric charge is conserved – the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction.

Section 21.2  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe electric charge in an atom?  How do we describe electric charge in a molecule (or formula unit)?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe electric charge in an atom?  How do we describe electric charge in a molecule (or formula unit)?

21-2 Electric Charge - a property of matter Electric charge, whether we know it or not, is responsible for many familiar phenomena: The binding of electrons to a nucleus, forming an atom Atoms binding together into molecules Atoms or molecules binding together into liquids and solids Biological processes Chemical reactions

21.2 Electric Charge in the Atom Atom: Is electrically neutral Nucleus (small, massive, positive charge) Electron cloud (large, very low density, negative charge)

Parts of the Atom  Location: Nucleus  Proton  Charge: 1.60 x Coulombs  Mass: x kg  Made of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark  Neutron  Charge: Neutral (0 Coulombs)  Mass: x kg  Made of 2 down quarks and 1 up quark  Location: Energy Levels in the Electron Cloud  Electrons  Charge: x Coulombs  Mass: 9.11 x kg  Location: Nucleus  Proton  Charge: 1.60 x Coulombs  Mass: x kg  Made of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark  Neutron  Charge: Neutral (0 Coulombs)  Mass: x kg  Made of 2 down quarks and 1 up quark  Location: Energy Levels in the Electron Cloud  Electrons  Charge: x Coulombs  Mass: 9.11 x kg

Charge is measured in Coulombs (C); the smallest unit of charge is the magnitude of the charge on the electron: 21-2 Electric Charge - a property of matter

The Size of the Nucleus  Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in its tiny nucleus.  Next Slide: the football field illustration.  Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in its tiny nucleus.  Next Slide: the football field illustration.

If the nucleus were the size of a pinhead...

The Low Density of the Electron Cloud Model  The low density of the electron cloud is due to the fact that (1) the mass of one proton is equal to the mass of 1,836 electrons and (2) the electrons are arranged in the energy levels that are far from the nucleus.  The proton has 1,836 times more inertia than an electron and is therefore 1,836 times harder to move than an electron.  The low density of the electron cloud is due to the fact that (1) the mass of one proton is equal to the mass of 1,836 electrons and (2) the electrons are arranged in the energy levels that are far from the nucleus.  The proton has 1,836 times more inertia than an electron and is therefore 1,836 times harder to move than an electron.

INERTIA A Proton vs. an Electron  Recall Newton’s Second Law of Motion  Force = mass x acceleration  The proton has 1,836 times more mass (aka. Inertia) than an electron and is therefore 1,836 times harder to move than an electron.  Recall Newton’s Second Law of Motion  Force = mass x acceleration  The proton has 1,836 times more mass (aka. Inertia) than an electron and is therefore 1,836 times harder to move than an electron.

Electron Cloud Model  The probability of locating an electron 90% of the time is determined by utilizing the Schrödinger equation and statistics.

Materials in which the outermost electron(s) that are very loosely bound to the atoms, and can move freely through the material are called conductors. Most other materials are insulators; some are semiconductors, which will be discussed later 21-2 Electric Charge - a property of matter

Chemical Bonding Atoms bond together to form electrically neutral substances. The type of chemical bond is determined by the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.

Electronegativity Values: The Affinity for Electrons

Electronegativity Difference and Bond Type Electronegativity Difference Bond Type EN: Nonpolar Covalent Bond (Atoms have no charge) EN: Polar Covalent Bond (Atoms have a partial charge) EN: 1.66 and greater Ionic Bond (Ions have a full charge)

Nonpolar Covalent Molecules  Electronegativity Difference:  Description: Shares electrons evenly  Examples: H 2, CH 4, Cl 2, O 2, Br 2, I 2, etc.  They are generally gases at room temperature because they have little or † no attraction to other nonpolar molecules  Exceptions:  Bromine (Br 2 ) is a liquid (70 total electrons/molecule)  Iodine (I 2 ) is a solid (106 total electrons/molecule)  † A Temporary Dipoles can establish an attractive force if the molecules (1) get close enough and (2) are not moving fast.  Electronegativity Difference:  Description: Shares electrons evenly  Examples: H 2, CH 4, Cl 2, O 2, Br 2, I 2, etc.  They are generally gases at room temperature because they have little or † no attraction to other nonpolar molecules  Exceptions:  Bromine (Br 2 ) is a liquid (70 total electrons/molecule)  Iodine (I 2 ) is a solid (106 total electrons/molecule)  † A Temporary Dipoles can establish an attractive force if the molecules (1) get close enough and (2) are not moving fast.

Temporary Dipole

Polar Covalent Molecules  Electronegativity Difference:  Description: Shares electrons unevenly  Examples: H 2 O, NH 3  They are generally liquids or solids at room temperature because their permanent dipoles (slightly positive and slightly negative parts) attract their counterparts of other polar molecules and † many polar molecules are able to group together.  Example: Water Droplets  †  Electronegativity Difference:  Description: Shares electrons unevenly  Examples: H 2 O, NH 3  They are generally liquids or solids at room temperature because their permanent dipoles (slightly positive and slightly negative parts) attract their counterparts of other polar molecules and † many polar molecules are able to group together.  Example: Water Droplets  †

21.2 Electric Charge in the Atom Polar molecule: neutral overall, but charge not evenly distributed

Dipole-Dipole Bonding

Dipole-Dipole Bonds

Ionic Compounds (aka. Formula Units)  Electronegativity Difference: 1.66 and above  Description: “ † Transfers” electrons from one atom to another creating an attraction due to the charge of each atom.  Examples: NaCl, CaCl 2, MgO, KI, CuCl 2  They are solids at room temperature because their † permanent positive charges attract all other negative charges and a negative charge is attracted to all of the positive charges. This creates a large repeating structure known as a crystal lattice.  † In reality, the electron that has been transferred is still being attracted by the nucleus of the atom that has “lost” the electron, but the ratio of this attraction to the atom that has gained it is relatively small.  i.e. Cl - /Na + : 3.16/0.93 ≈ 3; The transferred electron is attracted 3 times more to the Cl ion than the Na ion.  Electronegativity Difference: 1.66 and above  Description: “ † Transfers” electrons from one atom to another creating an attraction due to the charge of each atom.  Examples: NaCl, CaCl 2, MgO, KI, CuCl 2  They are solids at room temperature because their † permanent positive charges attract all other negative charges and a negative charge is attracted to all of the positive charges. This creates a large repeating structure known as a crystal lattice.  † In reality, the electron that has been transferred is still being attracted by the nucleus of the atom that has “lost” the electron, but the ratio of this attraction to the atom that has gained it is relatively small.  i.e. Cl - /Na + : 3.16/0.93 ≈ 3; The transferred electron is attracted 3 times more to the Cl ion than the Na ion.

Crystal Lattice: NaCl

Additional Exploratory Topics & Activities  Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research:   Section 21.2 Activities:  Avogadro’s Number  Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds (Melting Points and Conductivity Tests)  Compounds & Crystals Structures (Viewing with Microscope & Online Research: 

Summary  In regards to Electricity & Magnetism, write down:  3 things you already knew from today  2 things that you learned today  1 thing you would like to know  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2)  TEACHER HOMEWORK:  BUY MYLAR BALLOONS AND SCOTCH TAPE  In regards to Electricity & Magnetism, write down:  3 things you already knew from today  2 things that you learned today  1 thing you would like to know  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2)  TEACHER HOMEWORK:  BUY MYLAR BALLOONS AND SCOTCH TAPE

Friday (Day 3)  Section 21.3  Section 21.4  Section 21.3  Section 21.4

Warm-Up Fri, Jan 23  Identify the three bond types and their characteristics  Pickup a LAB JOURNAL from my desk.  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2) Fri, Jan 23  Identify the three bond types and their characteristics  Pickup a LAB JOURNAL from my desk.  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2) with answer guide in the back of the class  Introduction to Insulators and conductors  Begin Electrostatics Lab  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 1 & 2) with answer guide in the back of the class  Introduction to Insulators and conductors  Begin Electrostatics Lab

Section 21.3  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  What are characteristics and classification(s) of electrically...  conductive atoms?  insulative atoms?  semi-conductive atoms?  conductive compounds?  insulative compounds?  semi-conductive compounds?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  What are characteristics and classification(s) of electrically...  conductive atoms?  insulative atoms?  semi-conductive atoms?  conductive compounds?  insulative compounds?  semi-conductive compounds?

21.3 Insulators and Conductors Conductor: Charge flows freely Metals Insulator: Almost no charge flows Most other materials Some materials are semiconductors.

Why are certain atoms conductors and other insulators?  Recall on the periodic table that there are elements that do not react known as the Noble Gases. This is because their valence or outer energy levels contain 8 electrons ( † Helium only has 2 because it has only 1 energy level)  If possible other atoms on the periodic table will try to gain or lose electrons to acquire the same electron configurations as the Noble Gases.  Recall on the periodic table that there are elements that do not react known as the Noble Gases. This is because their valence or outer energy levels contain 8 electrons ( † Helium only has 2 because it has only 1 energy level)  If possible other atoms on the periodic table will try to gain or lose electrons to acquire the same electron configurations as the Noble Gases.

A Conductor or an Insulator?  Are the following elements conductors or insulators? Justify your answer.  Sodium  Chlorine  Oxygen  Potassium  Magnesium  Aluminum  Silicon  Are the following elements conductors or insulators? Justify your answer.  Sodium  Chlorine  Oxygen  Potassium  Magnesium  Aluminum  Silicon

Sodium is a conductor because it loses electrons easily.

Section 21.4  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we qualitatively explain the process of charging by induction?  How does an electroscope detect charge?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we qualitatively explain the process of charging by induction?  How does an electroscope detect charge?

The fact that both attractive and repulsive forces exist shows that there must be two different types of charges. In the presence of a charged object, a neutral object can polarize – the charges opposite to those on the charged object move closer to it, and the other charges move away Electric Charge - a property of matter

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope Metal objects can be charged by conduction:

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope They can also be charged by induction:

What does it mean to be “grounded“?  You must stay in the house for a week.  You have lost your privileges  You are in real trouble young man Or  You are firm in your belief of high morality.  You must stay in the house for a week.  You have lost your privileges  You are in real trouble young man Or  You are firm in your belief of high morality.

What does it mean to be “grounded“?  An object is said to be “grounded” or “earthed” when it is connected to a conducting wire or pipe leading into the ground.  Because the Earth is so large and can conduct electricity, it can easily accept or give up electrons. It is essentially a large reservoir or sink hole for (negative) electric charge (aka. electrons).  An object is said to be “grounded” or “earthed” when it is connected to a conducting wire or pipe leading into the ground.  Because the Earth is so large and can conduct electricity, it can easily accept or give up electrons. It is essentially a large reservoir or sink hole for (negative) electric charge (aka. electrons).

What would happen if...  a negatively-charged object were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged object was removed  after the negatively-charged object was removed  a negatively-charged object were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged object was removed  after the negatively-charged object was removed

What would happen if...  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a negatively-charged object were allowed to touch it...  and the negatively-charged object were then removed.  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a negatively-charged object were allowed to touch it...  and the negatively-charged object were then removed.

What would happen if...  a negatively-charged object were brought near a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged object was removed  after the negatively-charged object was removed  a negatively-charged object were brought near a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged object was removed  after the negatively-charged object was removed

What would happen if...  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a negatively-charged object were brought near it...  and the negatively-charged object were then removed.  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a negatively-charged object were brought near it...  and the negatively-charged object were then removed.

What would happen if...  a positively-charged object were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged object was removed  after the positively-charged object was removed  a positively-charged object were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged object was removed  after the positively-charged object was removed

What would happen if...  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a positively-charged object were allowed to touch it...  and the positively-charged object were then removed.  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a positively-charged object were allowed to touch it...  and the positively-charged object were then removed.

What would happen if...  a positively-charged object were brought near a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged object was removed  after the positively-charged object was removed  a positively-charged object were brought near a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged object was removed  after the positively-charged object was removed

What would happen if...  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a positively-charged object were brought near it...  and the positively-charged object were then removed.  a metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker and a positively-charged object were brought near it...  and the positively-charged object were then removed.

What would happen if...  a negatively-charged piece of plastic were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged piece of plastic was removed  after the negatively-charged piece of plastic was removed  a negatively-charged piece of plastic were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the negatively-charged piece of plastic was removed  after the negatively-charged piece of plastic was removed

What would happen if...  a positively-charged glass rod were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged glass rod was removed  after the positively-charged glass rod was removed  a positively-charged glass rod were allowed to touch a...  metal faucet that was connected to ground and the pipe were chopped off with a super axe hacker...  before the positively-charged glass rod was removed  after the positively-charged glass rod was removed

Electrostatics Lab #1  5 Charge Stations  Density of Water  Graph: mass vs. volume  Calculate the slope  Water droplet/ml  #of water droplets on penny  Avogadro’s number  5 Charge Stations  Density of Water  Graph: mass vs. volume  Calculate the slope  Water droplet/ml  #of water droplets on penny  Avogadro’s number

Summary  Identify two differences between insulators and conductors  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14)  Identify two differences between insulators and conductors  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14)

Monday (Day 4)

Warm-Up Mon, Jan 26  Identify the charges on the  Amber rod  Fur  Glass Rod  Silk  Have you logged onto webassign.net?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14) Mon, Jan 26  Identify the charges on the  Amber rod  Fur  Glass Rod  Silk  Have you logged onto webassign.net?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14) with answer guide in the back of the class.  Discuss induction in insulators and electroscopes  Complete Electrostatics Lab #1 & 2  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 13 & 14) with answer guide in the back of the class.  Discuss induction in insulators and electroscopes  Complete Electrostatics Lab #1 & 2

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope Nonconductors won’t become charged by conduction or induction, but will experience charge separation:

Electron Cloud Polarization

Similar to the Temporary Dipole in I 2

21-4 Induced Charge Conductors can be charged by induction:

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope The electroscope can be used for detecting charge:

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope The electroscope can be charged either by conduction or by induction.

21.4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope The charged electroscope can then be used to determine the sign of an unknown charge.

21-4 The Electroscope The electroscope is a device that detects the presence of excess free charge on an object. This can be done in two ways: First, when a charged rod transfers charge directly to the electroscope, that charge spreads uniformly over its metal surfaces. The leaf and stem then have same-sign charges, and repel.

Second, when a charged rod is brought near, but not touching, the electroscope, it attracts opposite charges. The like charges tend to move away from the rod; once again the stem and leaf have same-sign charges, and repel The Electroscope

Summary  What happens to the electrons in an insulator during the process of “charging by” induction?  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page )  Electrostatics Lab #1: Lab Report (Due in 6 classes)  What happens to the electrons in an insulator during the process of “charging by” induction?  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page )  Electrostatics Lab #1: Lab Report (Due in 6 classes)

Tuesday (Day 5)  Section 21.5

Warm-Up Tues, Jan 27  Complete Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-1 to 21-2  Have you logged onto webassign.net?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 22 & 23)  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 5 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes) Tues, Jan 27  Complete Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-1 to 21-2  Have you logged onto webassign.net?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 22 & 23)  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 5 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we compare and contrast the basic properties of an insulator and a conductor?  How do we describe and apply the concept of induced charge and electrostatic shielding?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 22 & 23) with answer guide.  Discuss the quantized charge of electrons and protons  Complete Electrostatic Labs #1 & 2  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 22 & 23) with answer guide.  Discuss the quantized charge of electrons and protons  Complete Electrostatic Labs #1 & 2

Section 21.5  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Charge on the negative electron and positive proton is: The basic unit of charge is the Coulomb, C. Electric charge is quantized in whole number multiples of the electron charge.

Summary  From Electrostatics Lab #2:  What is the total positive charge of water (in Coulombs)?  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24)  Web Assign Problems #1 & 2  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 5 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes)  From Electrostatics Lab #2:  What is the total positive charge of water (in Coulombs)?  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24)  Web Assign Problems #1 & 2  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 5 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes)

Wednesday (Day 6)  School closed due to inclement weather

Thursday (Day 6)  Two Hour Delay due to inclement weather

Warm-Up Thurs, Jan 29  Complete Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-3 to 21-4  For § 21-4: Identify how the process of charging by friction, induction, and conduction applies to:  Walking across the carpet and touching a doorknob  A Van de Graaff Generator  Lightning  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24)  Web Assign Problems #1 & 2 Thurs, Jan 29  Complete Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-3 to 21-4  For § 21-4: Identify how the process of charging by friction, induction, and conduction applies to:  Walking across the carpet and touching a doorknob  A Van de Graaff Generator  Lightning  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24)  Web Assign Problems #1 & 2

Warm-Up Thurs, Jan 29  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 4 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes)  Teacher Assignment:  Acquire an IBM-Compatible computer for EM Field Thurs, Jan 29  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 4 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes)  Teacher Assignment:  Acquire an IBM-Compatible computer for EM Field

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24) with answer guide.  Review select Electrostatic Lab #1 & 2 Results  Discuss Coulomb’s Law, Newton’s Law of Gravitation, and the Superposition Principle  Apply Coulomb’s Law  Begin The Four Circles Graphic Organizer  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 24) with answer guide.  Review select Electrostatic Lab #1 & 2 Results  Discuss Coulomb’s Law, Newton’s Law of Gravitation, and the Superposition Principle  Apply Coulomb’s Law  Begin The Four Circles Graphic Organizer

Section 21.5  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Experiment shows that the electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

6.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation Experiment shows that the gravitational force between two masses is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s law: This equation gives the magnitude of the force. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

6.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation Newton’s Law of Gravitation: This equation gives the magnitude of the force. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law The electric force is along the line connecting the charges, and is attractive if the charges are opposite, and repulsive if they are the same. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

6.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation The gravitational force is along the line connecting the masses and is always attractive regardless of the size either mass. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Unit of charge: coulomb, C The proportionality constant in Coulomb’s law is then: Charges produced by rubbing are typically around a microcoulomb: How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Unit of charge: coulomb, C The proportionality constant in Coulomb’s law is then: Charges produced by rubbing are typically around a microcoulomb: How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

6.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation Unit of mass: kilogram, kg The proportionality constant in Newton’s law is: NOTE: The Gravitational constant is significantly less than the electrostatic constant... Yes, we are going to calculate this difference. How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

Summary  After comparing the force constants for electrostatics and gravity, identify which Force is stronger.  HW (Place in your agenda):  † “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12)  Web Assign Problems #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 4 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes)  After comparing the force constants for electrostatics and gravity, identify which Force is stronger.  HW (Place in your agenda):  † “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12)  Web Assign Problems #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 4 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes) How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

Friday (Day 7)

Warm-Up Fri, Jan 30  Begin Graphic Organizer for Sections 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  † “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12)  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 3 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 3 classes) Fri, Jan 30  Begin Graphic Organizer for Sections 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  † “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12)  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 3 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 3 classes)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12) with answer guide.  Review select Electrostatic Lab #1 & 2 Results  Coulomb’s Law & Vectors  Applications of Coulomb’s Law  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12) with answer guide.  Review select Electrostatic Lab #1 & 2 Results  Coulomb’s Law & Vectors  Applications of Coulomb’s Law

Section 21.5  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law The proportionality constant k can also be written in terms of, the permittivity of free space: How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s law strictly applies only to point charges. Superposition: for multiple point charges, the forces on each charge from every other charge can be calculated and then added as vectors. How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Solving Problems Involving Coulomb’s Law and Vectors The net force on a charge is the vector sum of all the forces acting on it. How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

21.5 Solving Problems Involving Coulomb’s Law and Vectors Vector addition review: How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

3 Dimensional Axes & Unit Vector Notation How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Steps for Solving Coulomb’s Law Problems: Determine the direction of the force  Determine if your force vectors will  represent all forces as repulsive. (NOTE: Since the CORRECT direction of the force may NOT have been established, the values of the charges, q, must be entered as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE into Coulomb’s Law. This is similar to substituting a=-9.8 m/s 2 into a kinematic equations): GENERAL CASE OR  Establish the direction of the force as repulsive or attractive. (NOTE: Since the direction of the force is now established in the correct direction, all charges, q, will be POSITIVE values when entered into Coulomb’s Law. This is similar to establishing a=-g in the 2-D kinematic equations): SPECIFIC CASE  Determine if your force vectors will  represent all forces as repulsive. (NOTE: Since the CORRECT direction of the force may NOT have been established, the values of the charges, q, must be entered as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE into Coulomb’s Law. This is similar to substituting a=-9.8 m/s 2 into a kinematic equations): GENERAL CASE OR  Establish the direction of the force as repulsive or attractive. (NOTE: Since the direction of the force is now established in the correct direction, all charges, q, will be POSITIVE values when entered into Coulomb’s Law. This is similar to establishing a=-g in the 2-D kinematic equations): SPECIFIC CASE How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Steps for Solving Coulomb’s Law Problems: Problem Solving  Resolve the force vectors  Sum up the force vectors in the x, y, and z directions  Use Pythagorean Theorem to determine the magnitude of the resultant force vector  Use SOH CAH TOA to determine the direction of the resultant force vector  Sounds simple, yah?  Resolve the force vectors  Sum up the force vectors in the x, y, and z directions  Use Pythagorean Theorem to determine the magnitude of the resultant force vector  Use SOH CAH TOA to determine the direction of the resultant force vector  Sounds simple, yah? How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law  Three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Calculate the net electrostatic force on charge Q 3 due to charges Q 1 and Q 2.  Three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Calculate the net electrostatic force on charge Q 3 due to charges Q 1 and Q 2. How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Relationship between force and distance  How would the force change IF the distance were doubled? How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Summary  After comparing the force constants for electrostatics and gravity, identify which Force is stronger.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 15)  Web Assign Problems #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 3 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 3 classes)  After comparing the force constants for electrostatics and gravity, identify which Force is stronger.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 15)  Web Assign Problems #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 3 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 3 classes) How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Monday (Day 8)

Warm-Up Mon, Feb 2  How many total moles of electrons would have to be removed from the earth and the moon to cancel out the attractive gravitational force between them?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12 & 15)  Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-1 to 21-4  Have you complete WebAssign Problems ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 2 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 2 classes) Mon, Feb 2  How many total moles of electrons would have to be removed from the earth and the moon to cancel out the attractive gravitational force between them?  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12 & 15)  Graphic Organizers for Sections 21-1 to 21-4  Have you complete WebAssign Problems ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 2 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 2 classes)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12 & 15) with answer guide.  Butter Gun  Applications of Coulomb’s Law  Coulomb’s Law Lab  Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 12 & 15) with answer guide.  Butter Gun  Applications of Coulomb’s Law  Coulomb’s Law Lab

Section 21.5  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?  How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Reviewing the warm-up: Just a thought...  How many total moles of electrons would have to be removed from the earth and the moon to cancel out the attractive gravitational force between them? moles of electrons each moles of electrons total How do we compare and contrast Coulomb ’ s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation?

The Butter Gun

Applying Coulomb’s Law Application #2  (III) Three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Qualitatively identify the possible locations of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due charges Q 1, Q 2, and Q 3 using force diagrams.  Where do you think it would be if the 4 th charge were NEGATIVE?  (III) Three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Qualitatively identify the possible locations of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due charges Q 1, Q 2, and Q 3 using force diagrams.  Where do you think it would be if the 4 th charge were NEGATIVE? How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law Application #3  (III) IF two of the three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Identify the locations from the origin of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due to charges  Q 1, and Q 2.  Q 2 and Q 3.  (III) IF two of the three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Identify the locations from the origin of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due to charges  Q 1, and Q 2.  Q 2 and Q 3. How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Summary  Coulomb’s Law Application #3: Determine the location(s) along the x- axis and y-axis for a positive particle to feel a F net = 0 N.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3)  Coulomb’s Law Application #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 2 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 2 classes)  Coulomb’s Law Application #3: Determine the location(s) along the x- axis and y-axis for a positive particle to feel a F net = 0 N.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3)  Coulomb’s Law Application #3  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 2 classes)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 2 classes) How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Tuesday (Day 9)

Warm-Up Tues, Feb 3  Continue Graphic Organizer for Section 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3)  Graphic Organizers?  Have you complete WebAssign Problems: ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 1 class) Tues, Feb 3  Continue Graphic Organizer for Section 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3)  Graphic Organizers?  Have you complete WebAssign Problems: ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due in 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due in 1 class)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3) with answer guide.  Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab  Complete Web Assign Problem #4  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 3) with answer guide.  Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab  Complete Web Assign Problem #4

Summary  Write down the answer to question 7 on Electrostatics Lab #3 (What happens just before the balls touch?).  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4)  Web Assign Problems #4  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due tomorrow)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Postponed Due 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes)  Write down the answer to question 7 on Electrostatics Lab #3 (What happens just before the balls touch?).  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4)  Web Assign Problems #4  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions (Due tomorrow)  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Postponed Due 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 5 classes) How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Wednesday (Day 10)

Warm-Up Wed, Feb 4  Finish Graphic Organizer for Section 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4)  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions  Have you complete WebAssign Problems: ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (POSTPONED - Due in 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes) Wed, Feb 4  Finish Graphic Organizer for Section 21-5  Place your homework on my desk:  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4)  Electrostatics Lab #1 Packet and Conclusion Questions  Have you complete WebAssign Problems: ?  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (POSTPONED - Due in 1 class)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes)

Essential Question(s)  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?  WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?  HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF ELECTROSTATICS AND APPLY IT TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS?  How do we describe and apply the concept of electric field?  How do we describe and apply Coulomb ’ s Law and the Principle of Superposition?

Vocabulary  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Static Electricity  Electric Charge  Positive / Negative  Attraction / Repulsion  Charging / Discharging  Friction  Induction  Conduction  Law of Conservation of Electric Charge  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment  Non-polar Molecules  Polar Molecules  Ion  Ionic Compounds  Force  Test Charge  Electric Field  Field Lines  Electric Dipole  Dipole Moment

Foundational Mathematics Skills in Physics Timeline DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s)DayPg(s) † WHAT PRIOR FOUNDATIONAL MATHEMATICS’ SKILLS ARE NECESSARY IN PHYSICS II?

Agenda  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4) with answer guide.  From “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” (Page 24): 3D Angles, Trigonometry, and xyz- Components  Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab  Begin The Four Circles Graphic Organizer  Complete Web Assign Problem #4  † Review “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 4) with answer guide.  From “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” (Page 24): 3D Angles, Trigonometry, and xyz- Components  Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab  Begin The Four Circles Graphic Organizer  Complete Web Assign Problem #4

Applying Coulomb’s Law Application #3  (III) IF two of the three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Identify the locations from the origin of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due to charges  Q 1, and Q 2.  Q 2 and Q 3.  (III) IF two of the three charge are placed are a fixed distance apart shown on the following slide.  The charge on Q 2 is +50  C located at the origin.  The charge on Q 1 is -86  C located at 52 cm to the right of Q 2.  The charge on Q 3 is +65  C located at 30 cm above Q 2.  Identify the locations from the origin of a POSITIVE 4 th charge, Q 4, of +1  C so it does not feel a force due to charges  Q 1, and Q 2.  Q 2 and Q 3. How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

Applying Coulomb’s Law How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?

3D Angles, Trigonometry, and xyz-Components

Summary  (Assignment from 2 classes ago) Write down the locations for Coulomb’s Law Application Question #3.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 5)  Web Assign Problems #4  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due tomorrow)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes)  (Assignment from 2 classes ago) Write down the locations for Coulomb’s Law Application Question #3.  HW (Place in your agenda):  “Foundational Mathematics’ Skills of Physics” Packet (Page 5)  Web Assign Problems #4  Future assignments:  Electrostatics Lab #2: Lab Report (Due tomorrow)  Electrostatics Lab #3: Lab Report (Due in 4 classes) How do we use Coulomb ’ s Law and the principle of superposition to determine the force that acts between point charges?