AGH 902

1 CONFIDENTIAL. This document contains trade secret information. Disclosure, use or reproduction outside Cargill and inside Cargill, to or by those employees who do not have a need to know is prohibited except as authorized by Cargill In writing. (Copyright Cargill, Incorporated All rights reserved.) Let’s Be A Farmer Session #5 November 12, 2009

Plant Pests Insects –Small insects can cause a lot of damage in a short time. In some cases, only 2-4 insects per plant can cause total yield loss. –We can predict the approximate time insects may arrive because insects live in a defined life cycle. During this time, we need to watch our crops very closely because insects can multiply or increase in numbers in just a few hours. How can insects hurt a plant? Eat the stem Eat flower Suck out all the sugars & water Eat the seed Decrease yield 2

Types of Insects Insects that effect canola 3

Types of Insects Insects that effect cereals 4

Plant Pests 5 Diseases –Just like us, plants get diseases that make them sick and can eventually kill them. –Diseases occur when the plant is midway through maturity. –The fungal bodies are stored in old straw and other plant materials. Hot and humid weather releases fungal spores that effect all plants. Ways diseases can harm a plant: –Affect plant structure, crippling the stem –Burn spots in the leaves in stem –Cover the leaves and flowers with thick rust like coating –Replace seeds with fruiting bodies that are poisonous to humans and animals. –Can cause total crop loss

Types of Disease’s Disease’s that effect Canola 6

Types of Disease’s Disease’s that effect Cereals 7

Types of Disease’s Disease’s that effect Pulse’s 8

How to control insects and diseases Insects = Insecticides –Attack the insects’ nervous system: cells, tissues, and organs that keep the body alive. –VERY DANGEROUS TO HUMANS… NEVER GO NEAR Diseases = Fungicides - there are 2 types: –Contact Coats the plant with protectant that helps prevent infections. –Systemic Enters into and travels throughout the plant to protect all parts of the plant from the disease infections. 9

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