Empire building in Africa Chapter 14, Section 2 Empire building in Africa

Section 1 Review (S.E.A.) Empire system breaks down in Europe, so countries look to continue abroad Raw goods and markets GB – Singapore, Burma, etc. France – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia USA – Philippines Direct vs. indirect rule

West Africa Slave trade in past, but illegal by 1808 U.S. Constitution Needed the South, but couldn’t let this go on anymore Article 1 Section 9 - Limits on Congress The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

West Africa (cont’d) Other kinds of trade on rise Same principle as S.E.A. (markets/raw goods) Peanuts, timber, hides, oil GB first in Sierra Leone, Nigeria (label) French in (French) W. Africa (label)

North Africa Egyptian independence from Ottoman Empire (label) Muhammad Ali Suez Canal (label) British to India, Egypt becomes GB’s protectorate Sudan to GB (label) France in Algeria and Morocco (label)

Central Africa David Livingstone – explorer/cartographer = lost Henry Stanley to find H.S. encouraged Belgium to settle Congo (Label) King Leopold II

East Africa GB & Germany (label) are African rivals by 1885 Von Bismarck did it for political reasons Berlin Conference (84/85) to sort it out without war Portugal gets Mozambique (label both) Germany gets German East Africa (Label) GB gets British East Africa (label)

South Africa 200k whites by 1865 Boers (Dutch) pushed N. by British, who wanted to make a RR from South Africa through Rhodesia/Bechuanaland(label) Cecil Rhodes (expansion vs. Zulu and Boers) Boer War

Colonial Rule in Africa Only Liberia and Ethiopia still free (label) Total oppression, but indirect rule when possible (like in SEA) French ruled directly through the “Governor-General” Assimilation

Rise of African Nationalism Remember – these are sand castles! Step 1: Education Low salaries and slavery = people want change Mixture of hope & resentment Political parties start forming

Chapter 14, Section 3 British Rule In India

The Sepoy Mutiny British East India Company (BEIC), the main trader, given right to rule colony Ruled with forts/soldiers from England, but also hired Indian soldiers – “sepoys” BEIC to start greasing bullets with cow/pig fat (sacred to Hindus/Muslims)

The Sepoy Mutiny (cont’d) 1857 = Sepoys refuse, are arrested, then rebel Atrocities on both sides for about 1 year Result = BEIC power given to British govt., Queen Victoria now has all the power, Indian nationalism