Progressive Review Women’s Rights Women’s Rights –#’s of employed stayed constant 1900 – 1920 –Type of work switched to clerical, factory work, and professional Most women still had low paying jobs and least amount of opportunity Most women still had low paying jobs and least amount of opportunity

Progressive Review Progressive feminists call for reform Progressive feminists call for reform –Charlotte Perkins Gilman – attacked the male monopoly on opportunity and declared that domesticity was an obsolete value for American Women –Margaret Sanger – led the movement to provide birth control to prevent unwanted pregnancies among poor women –Suffragists – urged that women be given the franchise, which came on the national level with the 19 th Amendment (1920). Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, etc. Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, etc.

Progressive Review Child Labor Laws Child Labor Laws –Most states passed minimum working age laws –Prohibited children from working more than 10 hrs per day –Enforcement was difficult to achieve Temperance Temperance –Anti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian Temperance Union fought alcoholism on the state level through blue laws –National level w/ 18 th amendment – prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor.

Progressive Review Presidential Election of 1908 Presidential Election of 1908 –Roosevelt refused to run for 3 rd term –Republican’s conservative factions regain party control –Nominated T.R. choice (Sect. of War William Howard Taft) –Choose conservative V.P. James Schoolcraft Sherman –William Jennings Bryan (Democratic Candidate) –Taft won but Progressive Rep. state candidates made progress

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 –Taft pledges to keep Roosevelt’s programs moving Mann-Elkins Act (1910) – Made ICC stronger Mann-Elkins Act (1910) – Made ICC stronger Rate setting for telephone and telegraph companies Rate setting for telephone and telegraph companies –Taft actually prosecuted more antitrust cases than Roosevelt –Less publicity –To the public TR was the mighty trust buster

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 –Insurgents – reform-minded Republicans (La- Follette, Albert Beveridge, and George Norris) –1909 turned against Taft after battle over Tariff –Taft first called for lower tariff –1909 high tariff advocates in Congress passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff (raised duties on hundreds of items) –Taft signed and praised the tariff –Battle began strongly between progressive and conservative Republicans

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 –Conservative – Joseph G. Cannon Stopped most reform bills before even reaching a vote Stopped most reform bills before even reaching a vote Insurgents joined with Democrats and had Cannon removed from the pivotal Rules Committee. Insurgents joined with Democrats and had Cannon removed from the pivotal Rules Committee. Slap at Taft, who supported Cannon Slap at Taft, who supported Cannon

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 –Ballinger-Pinchot affair –Taft’s interior secretary – favored private development of natural resources Approved the sale of several million acres of public lands in Alaska containing coal deposits to a group of Seattle businessmen in 1909 Approved the sale of several million acres of public lands in Alaska containing coal deposits to a group of Seattle businessmen in 1909 They sold to business men like J.P. Morgan They sold to business men like J.P. Morgan When a Department of Interior official complained he was fired When a Department of Interior official complained he was fired He immediately published an article in Collier’s He immediately published an article in Collier’s Gifford Pinchot criticized Ballinger’s actions he was fired Gifford Pinchot criticized Ballinger’s actions he was fired

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 –Ballinger-Pinchot affair –AS TR returned from an overseas trip he was met by Pinchot at the boat. –1910 TR campaigned for Insurgent candidates –Attacked judges who struck down progressive laws –Endorsed the idea of reversing judicial rulings by popular vote –Borrowing from Croly’s The Promise of American Life, TR proposed a “New Nationalism”

Progressive Review Taft in office 1908 Taft in office 1908 Democrats captured the House in 1910 Democrats captured the House in 1910 Democrats and Insurgent Rep. controlled the Senate Democrats and Insurgent Rep. controlled the Senate TR sounded more like a presidential candidate TR sounded more like a presidential candidate