Brain Structures and Functions

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Presentation transcript:

Brain Structures and Functions

The Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS): brain and the spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves. Motor neurons: deliver the instructions from the brain to the rest of your body. The spinal cord: carries messages to and from the brain.

The Brain Three main parts of brain: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Forebrain: cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system). Midbrain: tectum and tegmentum. Hindbrain: cerebellum, pons and medulla.

The Cerebrum Largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. Divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe (reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving); parietal lobe (movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli); occipital lobe (visual processing); and temporal lobe (perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech). Divided into two halves: left hemisphere = logic and right hemisphere= creativity.

The Cerebellum Regulates and coordinates movement, posture, and balance. “Little brain.” Two hemispheres.

Limbic System ”Emotional brain" is found buried within the cerebrum. Contains the thalamus (sensory and motor functions); hypothalamus (emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms); amygdala (memory and emotion); and hippocampus (learning and memory).

Brain Stem Responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The brain stem is made of the midbrain (vision, hearing, eye movement and bodily movement); pons (motor control and sensory analysis); and medulla (maintaining vital bodily functions such as breathing).