I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATION S LIDES F OR I NTRODUCTORY P SYCHOLOGY

The Medulla Supports life Sustaining Functions: heart Rate, respiration, Blood pressure.

The brainstem supports life- sustaining bodily functions. The Brainstem Medulla: Controls heartbeat and breathing You would have trouble with basic bodily functions. Christopher Reeve’s injury was here, so he needed support to breathe. Medulla What if your medulla was damaged?

The Hindbrain Reticular formation: regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal A cat with a cut reticular formation lapses into a permanent coma. Reticular formation What if your reticular formation was damaged?

The Hindbrain It would be hard to walk, and you wouldn’t respond as well to classical conditioning. Cerebellum Cerebellum: enables nonverbal learning, coordinates voluntary movements What if your cerebellum was damaged?

Master gland of the body’s endocrine system  Receives hormone signals from the hypothalamus  Sends hormone signals to other glands. The Pituitary Gland

The hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory. Limbic System

Hypothalamus  Located below the thalamus  Regulates body temperature and basic drives (hunger, thirst, sex).

Hippocampus  Creates new memories  Consolidates and stores memories Hippocampus Amygdala

 Plays central role in emotional processes rage and fear.

 Outer covering of two hemispheres of the brain  Responsible for the most complex aspects of perception, emotion, movement, and thought. Cerebral Cortex

 Occipital—visual information (visual cortex)  Parietal—information about touch (sensory cortex),  Temporal—hearing (auditory cortex), language (Wernicke’s area),  Frontal—planning, judgment, memory, reasoning, abstract thinking, movement (motor cortex) Cerebral Lobes

Cerebral Hemispheres The brain is separated into two hemispheres that:  control the opposite sides of the body (contralateral control)  are connected by corpus callosum.  have specialized abilities. Left hemisphere: Broca’s and Wernike’s area.

Video: The Split Brain: Lessons on Cognition and the Cerebral Hemispheres Video: The Split Brain: Lessons on Cognition and the Cerebral Hemispheres

 What does split-brain research reveal regarding the nature of the brain?  What are specific functions of each cerebral hemisphere? Video Review

Sensory (Somatosensory) Cortex Video: The Sensory Cortex: Part 2 Video: The Sensory Cortex: Part 2

 Located at the front end of the parietal lobe  Skin sensations  Represents skin areas on the opposite (contralateral) side of the body  Larger areas of sensory cortex devoted to more sensitive body areas Sensory (Somatosensory) Cortex

Motor Cortex Video: The Sensory Cortex: Part 1 Video: The Sensory Cortex: Part 1

Motor Cortex  Located at the back of the frontal lobe, next to the parietal lobe  Body movement  Represents body parts on the opposite (contralateral) side of the body

Video: Brain and Behavior: Phineas Gage Revisited Video: Brain and Behavior: Phineas Gage Revisited

 Why is it important for psychologists to study the human brain?  What are the strengths and weaknesses of case studies in helping us to understand the causes of human behavior?  Does nature or nurture shape adult personality? Video Review

Video: Planning, Life Goals, and the Frontal Lobe Video: Planning, Life Goals, and the Frontal Lobe

 Why is the study of the brain and brain damage important to psychology?  What role do frontal lobes play in behavior?  Do you think Michael is responsible for his self-defeating behavior? Why or why not? Video Review

Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Video: Rewiring the Brain Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Video: Rewiring the Brain

 What does this case tell us about the structure and function of the human brain?  How do both nature and nurture contribute to our perception of the world? Video Review

Brain Plasticity  The ability of neurons to make new connections in the brain.  Children’s brains are much more plastic than adults’.

Split-brain patients Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Animation: Split-brain Patients: Part 2 Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Animation: Split-brain Patients: Part 2

Split-brain patients  Visual Fields  Contralateral organization Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Animation: Split-brain Patients: Part 3 Clip_107_Rewiring_Brain.mov Animation: Split-brain Patients: Part 3

How do we know about the brain?  examining the functional changes in people with brain damage,  other less invasive techniques for viewing the brain (neuroimaging techniques)  fMRI  PET Scan

Neuroimaging Techniques  Structural Neuroimaging Technologies (CT scan, MRI)  Functional Neuroimaging Technologies (PET scan, fMRI) Animation: Neuroimaging Techniques Animation: Neuroimaging Techniques

 Produce images of the soft tissue in the brain  CT scan  MRI scan Neuroimaging Techniques Animation: Neuroimaging Techniques Animation: Neuroimaging Techniques

 Show brain activity in living participants  PET Scan  Functional MRI Functional Imaging Techniques 03B_Brain Activation.mov Animation: Functional Imaging Techniques 03B_Brain Activation.mov Animation: Functional Imaging Techniques

Why are brain imaging techniques important methods for studying functions of different parts of the nervous system? Video Review