The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Today’s Warm Up Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: Respond to the famous quote by the French writer Victor Hugo: “No army can withdrawal the strength of an idea whose time has come.” How does this quote relate to what we have just learned about the Age of Enlightenment?

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Today’s LEQ How did the ideas of the Enlightenment lead to revolution in France? Main Idea Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the monarchy. The French Revolution Begins

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Causes of the Revolution Long-standing resentments against the monarchy Inequalities in society –Existing social and political structure –Called the Old Order, or ancient régime King at the top and estates under him –King Louis XVI, shy and indecisive –Unpopular, self-indulgent queen, Marie-Antoinette –Rest of French society divided into three classes, called estates

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Varied widely in what they contributed in terms of work and taxes Roman Catholic clergy One percent of the population Exempt from taxes Owned 10 percent of the land –Collected rents and fees –Bishops and other clergy grew wealthy First Estate Nobility Less than 2 percent of the population Paid few taxes Controlled much wealth Held key positions –Government –Military Lived on country estates Second Estate Largest group—97% of the population Bourgeoisie—city- dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals Sans culottes— artisans and workers Peasants—poor with little hope, paid rents and fees Third Estate The Three Estates

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Severe economic problems affected much of the country France in debt, spending lavishly, borrowing money, and facing bankruptcy Hailstorm and drought ruined harvest; harsh winter limited flour production People hungry and angry; clergy and nobility no help A Financial Crisis Inspiring new ideas from Enlightenment philosophers Great Britain’s government limiting the king’s power American colonists rebelled successfully against British king New ideas changed government and society in other countries Enlightenment Ideas Further Causes

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 By 1789, no group happy Clergy and nobility lost power to monarchy Bourgeoisie resented regulations Poor worse off Storming of the Bastille King brought in troops People of Paris armed themselves Searching for weapons, a mob stormed the Bastille Estates General meets Desire for reforms Voting process a problem Third Estate proclaimed themselves National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Great Fear spread King to punish the Third Estate with foreign soldiers Rumors of massacres Peasants destroyed records and burned nobles’ houses First Events of the Revolution

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 RAFT Summary Role: Advisor to King Louis XVI Audience: King Louis XVI Format: Letter Topic: Advise King Louis XVI on how to prevent revolution in France. Be sure to provide detailed problems France was facing and offer solutions.

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Today’s Exit Ticket Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: Why would the privileged members of the First and Second Estate want revolution in France?

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Today’s Warm Up Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: Explain why the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly. Turn in your homework (Letter to Louis)

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Louis tried to protect his throne Angered the common people Prices still high; mob broke into the palace demanding bread (Fearsome Fish Ladies!) Royal family seized; National Assembly took bolder steps further restricting the power of both the King and the Catholic Church Restrictions on Power Feudal dues eliminated Declaration laid out “liberty, equality, fraternity” Inspired by the English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, and the writings of Enlightenment philosophers Men are born equal and remain equal under the law The rights did not extend to women Legislating New Rights Creating a New Nation

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 In 1791, the Legislative Assembly is formed; Constitutional Monarchy! Voting rights extended, but rights were not universal. King’s Power restricted; monarchy feels threatened Austria warned against harming monarchs Austrian army defeats French Financial strain of war, food shortages, and high prices King blamed; action demanded Foreign Powers Formation of a New Government August 10, 1792 royal family imprisoned by mob Radical faction took charge with National Convention Monarchy abolished; France declared a republic End of Monarchy

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Reign of Terror! Read Chapter 6, Section 2 & complete the section review. Be sure to record important terms, people, and ideas within your class notes.

The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1 Today’s Exit Ticket Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: Write a 3 sentence protest speech explaining why the Reign of Terror went too far and contradicted the original reasons for the revolution.