The Middle Ages

The “Dark” Ages  The Roman Empire falls apart.  Charlemagne- tries to reunite parts of empire. –Holy Roman Empire –Endorsed by the Pope.  The Vikings- Launch raids throughout much of Europe.  Destroy many villages and cities.

Life in the Middle Ages  Fuedalism- a system for controlling land. –King gives land in return for protection. –Social Pyramid- formed the basic structure of medieval society.  Key terms- –Fief –Nobles –Vassals –Knights –Manors –Serfs

Society in the Middle Ages

The Crusades  Series of holy wars between Christians and Muslim Turks for control of the Holy Land.  Area today of Jerusalem and Palestine.  Four major crusades were launched- in the end control of holy land is lost to Muslims.  Leads to many important changes throughout Europe.

The Black Death  Bacterial disease spread by rats and fleas.  Victims often died within days to one week.  Over 1/3 of European population died as a result of the plague- Over 25 million people!  In some cities almost 800 people a day died.

More Black Death  “Ring around the Rosie”- some people say this rhyme refers to the black death. Bubo -first sign

“Bring out your dead!”

The Doctor

The High Middle Ages  The Crusades had a HUGE effect on the growth of Europe. –Trade begins to grow –People want new goods from Asia- spices, gold, sugar, silk, and more. –The Silk Road- main route traveled by traders and merchants between China and Europe. –A new merchant class begins to grow into the social pyramid.

 The power of kings and nobles begins to decrease.  Kingdoms begin to fall apart- replaced by national governments.  Large cities begin to grow- Paris, London, Rome.  Magna Carta- Document that limited the power of the king.

 Education becomes increasingly important  More people learn to read and write- mainly to help with trade.  Books and literature become more widely available.  By the end of the1400’s, the Middle Ages come to an end.