Unit 1: The Study of Living Things Chapter 1: The World of Life Science Section 4: Tools, Measurement & Safety

Tools of Life Scientists help them:  Make observations  Gather Data  Store Data  Analyze Data

Tools For Seeing  Compound Light Microscope  -- This is the type of microscope we will use in the Lab this year.  --Can magnify an image up to 1000x  --three main parts  Tube with lenses  A stage  Light

Electron Microscope  Electrons are used to produce magnified images  Living specimens cannot be examined with an electron microscope. The process will kill them.  Some types of electron microscopes can magnify up to 100,000x or 200,000x  Images are clearer and more detailed than a compound light microscope.

Systems of Measurement  The ability to make accurate and reliable measurements is an important tool in science.  1700’s – French Academy of Sciences began to develop a global measurement system.  International System of Units or SI.  Also known as the Metric System  Today most scientists and almost all countries use the Metric System.  Using SI measurements helps scientists share and compare their observations and results

Area – the measure of how much surface an object has  Formula: Area = length X width  What is the area of a square with sides measuring 5m?  What is the area of a rectangle with sides measuring 5cm and 4cm?  What is the Unit of Measurement for Area?

Volume – is the amount of space that something occupies, or the amount of space something takes up  Volume of liquid is measured in liters (L).  Volume of a solid object is measured in cubic meters (m 3 ).  Measure volume of irregular shaped object – determine how much fluid the object displaces.  Measure the volume of a rectangular prism  Volume = length X width X height  Find the volume of rectangular prism with measurements of length 2, height 4 and width 6

Mass – the amount of matter that makes up an object.  The basic unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)  1 gram = 1/1000 of a kilogram.  A metric ton = 1000 kg.  We measured mass in the lab using a triple beam balance.

Temperature – a measure of how hot or cold something is  Molecules that make up matter are constantly moving.  When energy is transferred to the molecules, they move even more.  This causes the temperature to increase.  Another definition of Temperature:  The measure of the average energy of the molecules of a substance.