TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT WILL ADVANCE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 6 Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODS SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TSUNAMIS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS INCREASE TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE INCREASE OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE USE DISASTER’S INFO TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

NOTABLE DISASTERS IN 2011 FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN JAPAN WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA, TEXAS, AND ARIZONA, ETC HURRICANE IRENE AND TROPIAL STORM LEE FLOODS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SUPER TORNADO OUTBREAK EXPERIENCE FOR CHANGE NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR MAKING COMMUNITIES DISASTER RESIILIENT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

2011’S KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE BASE INCLUDED RECORD FLOODING ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER (USA) APRIL - MAY, 2011

USING 2011’S EXPERIENCES TO PROMOTE FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE WILL MOVE COMMUNITIES TOWARDS AN IMPORTANT NATIONAL GOAL

A DISASTER is the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,...,) intersect at a point in space and time.

Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), caused extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF EVERY DISASTER PEOPLE COMMUNITY COMPLEX EVENTS

A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL SOCIETAL ELEMENTS

AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Transforms information and experience gained from a disaster into knowledge, best practices, and technologies that help communities become disaster resilient.

HOW TO BUILD CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE Identify the gaps in community capacity in the four critical elements of the solution: Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery. Use the accumulated knowledge and experience base to fill the perceived gaps in Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery in the community.

CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND) PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND)

CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AGAIN) RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AGAIN)

BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Intensifies efforts to protect essential (schools) and critical facilities (hos- pitals, dams, transportation, systems, and power plants).

EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING POINTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL SECTORS OF SOCIETY INFORMED IGNORANCE TO ENLIGHTENMENT APATHY TO EMPOWERMENT BOUNDARIES TO NETWORKS STATUS QUO TO GOOD POLITICAL DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON A COM- MUNITY’S RISK EDUCATIONAL SURGES CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON A COM- MUNITY’S RISK

TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE NEW RESOURCES NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS NEW PROFESSIONAL LINKAGES NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING A CULTURE OF DISASTER- RISK REDUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGES WILL RESULT IN …

EDUCATIONAL SURGE ADD VALUE INCREASE AWARENESS INCREASE UNDERSTANDING INCREASE POLITICAL WILL BUILD EQUITY AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE WILL

BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES EXPAND CAPABILITY IMPROVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS OVERCOME UNIVERSAL BARRIERS CREATE TURNING POINTS OF CHANGE INCREASE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE EDUCATIONAL SURGES

HEAVY RAINFALL IN MEMPHIS AREA: APRIL 31, 2011 Major thunderstorms unleashed up to 1/3 meter (a foot of rain) that swamped the Memphis area with "unprecedented" flooding, in- undating homes and vehicles, bursting levees, and forcing the evacuation of more than 1,500 people.

A SWOLLEN MISSISSIPPI RIVER, WHICH DRAINS 41 % OF USA, REACHED THE MEMPHIS,TN AREA ON MAY 9th APRIL 31- MAY 10, 2011

MAY 9: MISSISSIPPI RIVER CRESTED IN MEMPHIS AREA The Mississippi River crested around 7:00 pm in Memphis, just below its 74-year-old record, as a deluge of water moved southward towards cities and oil refineries..

A RECORD 2011 EXPERIENCE The flooding broke high- water records that have stood since the 1930s.

THE LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER The Loosahatchie River rose 23 feet in less than 24 hours, reaching a record feet at 7:15 a.m., surpassing the former high-water mark of feet set in December 1987.

ARLINGTON, TN: ONLY ROOF OF CAR REMAINS ABOVE WATER

BOLTON, TN : APRIL 31, 2011

MILLINGTON, TN: APRIL 31, 2011

MILLINGTON, TN: MAY 3, 2011

MILLINGTON, TN: RESCUE OPERATIONS

VOLUNTEER HELPING OTHERS ESCAPE

RIVER CRESTED WITHIN A FEW CM OF THE 1937 RECORD

THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER: LOOKING MORE LIKE AN OCEAN THAN A RIVER

MEMPHIS: MAY 3, 2011

MEMPHIS, TN RESIDENTS WARNED OF NEED TO EVACUATE: MAY 6, 2011

STRANDED PETS

MEMPHIS: BARGE TRAFFIC HALTED; MAY 6, 2011

THE WATER: A POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK The Mississippi River flood water, already contaminated by pesticides, industrial pollutants, and debris acquired as it drained 41 percent of the Nation, was now full of snakes, and A POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEM.

DEBRIS-LADEN WATER; MAY 9TH

SAVING DOWNSTREAM CITIES AND OIL REFINERIES BECAME AN ISSUE AS FLOOD WATERS MOVED SOUTHWARD MONDAY, MAY 14, 2011

TOUGH DECISIONS As high water flowed down the Mississippi River and its tributaries, threatening to flood all the communities along the river and the 11 oil refineries that have a combined capacity of 2.5 million barrels a day, people faced the question of whether to stay or to evacuate,

THE WORST CASE FOR OIL REFINERIES IN LOUISIANA The worst case is for flood waters to inundate the refineries and shut them down for several months, as was the case after Hurricane Katrina.

THE DECISION: SAVING BATON ROUGE AND NEW ORLEANS 2011’s flood waters had the potential to inundate cities (e.g., New Orleans) and the 11 oil refineries in the New Orleans-to- Baton Rouge region, which have a combined capacity of 2.5 million barrels a day.

SHORT-TERM SOLUTION WORKED Controlled release of water that flooded farmland and rural areas instead of cities like New Orleans and the 11 refineries near New Orleans and Baton Rouge, worked as a short-term solution to reduce the risk.

SATURDAY, MAY 14: MORGANZA SPILLWAY OPENED; Opening the Morganza spillway system for the first time since 1973 flooded farm land and rural areas, while reducing pressure on the levee system protecting Baton Rouge and New Orleans.

MORGANZA SPILLWAY

MORGANZA SPILLWAY: ONE OF 125 FLOODGATES OPENED; MAY 14TH

When the floodgate was opened, the Mississippi River began flowing at 1.5 million cubic feet per second.

BONNET CARRE SPILLWAY Opening the Bonnet Carre Spillway transferred water to Lake Ponchartrain and reduced the pressure on the levees protecting Baton Rouge and New Orleans.

IMPACTS OF OPENING THE MORGANZA SPILLWAY The water, which spilled out of a 10-ton steel floodgate, in- undated an estimated 3,000 square miles comprised of small farms and fish camps, leaving some places under as much as 6 m (25 ft) of water /05/14/national/main shtml#ixzz1MMkAYO /05/14/national/main shtml#ixzz1MMkAYO00

TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE IN YOUR COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RESPONSE RECOVERY

FLOOD- PRONE COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FOCUS ON FOUR CRITICAL AREAS BEST POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR: PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RESPONSE & RECOVERY DISASTER RESILIENCE

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODSFLOODS EXPECTED LOSS

IMPLEMENTATION OF FLOOD RISK REDUCTION POLICIES IS A COLLABORATIVE PROCESS

DISASTER & HAZARD INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR ACADEMIA FUNCTIONAL NETWORKING CHANNELS INFORMATION NETWORKING CHANNELS ORGANIZATION NETWORKING CHANNELS COLLABORATION COMMUNITYSTAKEHOLDERS Stratec Consulting

FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES PURPOSE PREVENTION PROTECTION LAND USE CONTROL PURPOSE PREVENTION PROTECTION LAND USE CONTROL TECHNIQUE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS) HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES) TECHNIQUE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS) HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES)

FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES PURPOSE SITE MODIFICATION ALERT/WARNING MONITORING RISK ZONES IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS PURPOSE SITE MODIFICATION ALERT/WARNING MONITORING RISK ZONES IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS TECHNIQUE EMBANKMENTS; SANDBAGS EVACUATION STREAM GAGUES; DRONE PLANES YEAR FLOOD MAPS SCENARIOS TECHNIQUE EMBANKMENTS; SANDBAGS EVACUATION STREAM GAGUES; DRONE PLANES YEAR FLOOD MAPS SCENARIOS

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES) RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES) RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) DATABASES MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS DRONE PLANES HAZMAT MANAGEMENT DATABASES MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS DRONE PLANES HAZMAT MANAGEMENT