The Civil War US History Mrs. Hunt/Mrs. Nolin

Learning Target I will identify significant battles, strategies, events, and turning points in the American Civil War.

I. The Confederacy A.Seceding South 1.South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida all seceded from the Union forming the Confederate states of the Union. 2.Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri decided to stay in the Union but not without serious revelations.

I. The Confederacy A.Seceding South 3.Many were afraid of Lincoln and what his election meant to the South. 4.The occupation of Ft. Sumter by Union troops led to the first battle of the Civil War. A. The battle lasted two days, eventually the South came away with a victory.

II. Advantages A.The North 1.Both sides were confident in their victory. 2.The North felt as though they could overwhelm the South with Superior resources A.Twice as many people B.More diverse economy 1.Factories 2.Naval force 3.Railroad lines – crucial for moving troops

II. Advantages B.The South 1.Fighting a defensive war. Felt as though the North would grow tired and eventually leave them alone. A. First Battle of Bull Run – Southern victory did not come easily. Gave the North a huge wakeup call.

III. Anaconda Plan A.Strategy 1.Lincoln devised a plan to squeeze the south like an anaconda. A.Naval Blockade – Line of ships stopping sea traffic in and out of Southern ports. B.Union would take control of the Mississippi, separating the South. C.From their they would move east to squeeze the life out of the deep south.

IV. Antietam A.Bloodiest Battle 1.General Robert E. Lee (South) decided to invade Union territory by crossing into Maryland. 2.September 17, 1862 Confederate and Union soldiers clashed in Antietam Creek. 3.Bloodiest one day battle in American history. Ended in a stalemate A.20,000 soldiers killed or wounded B.Confederacy lost a quarter of their army

V. Emancipation Proclamation A.Warning 1.After Antietam, Lincoln issued a warning to the South. A.Return to the Union by January 1, 1863 or he would free their slaves. B.They ignored his warning

V. Emancipation Proclamation B.Emancipation 1.January 1, 1963 Emancipation Proclamation was signed by Lincoln. A.All slaves living in states “in rebellion against the US are to be thenceforward and forever free” B.Slaves living in areas loyal to the US were not affected. C.Gave the Union a great moral purpose in the war.

VI. Vicksburg A.Grant 1.General Ulysses S. Grant continued to battle his way to the Mississippi. 2.May 1863, arrived at Vicksburg, Mississippi. 3.July 4, 1863 Confederate army surrendered, Union gained control of the Mississippi.

VII. Gettysburg A.Southern Invasion 1.July 1, General Lee once again invaded the North. This time it was in Gettysburg, PA. A.Battle lasted for 3 horrible days. B.July 3, confederate forces were forced to retreat C.50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded. D.From this point on, South would strictly fight a defensive war. A.Gettysburg Address – All men are created equal. Out of war would come a new birth of freedom.

VIII. Total War A.What? 1.To force surrender, Grant adopted a policy known as total war. 1.Total War – doing what is necessary to undermine the enemy’s willingness to fight. 1.Lead forces into Virginia to capture Confederate capital 2.General Sherman would wage a campaign of destruction through Georgia and the Carolinas.

IX. Sherman A.March to Sea 1.Captured and burned Atlanta to the ground 2.Continued towards the sea destroying everything of value. 3.Savannah was taken as well as the Carolina’s

X. Surrender A.The End 1.While Sherman waged total war, Grant and Lee were locked in fierce combat in Virginia. 2.April 3, 1865 Richmond was captured and Lee was forced to surrender.

X. Surrender B.Terms 1.Appomattox Court House 1.Confederates could keep their weapons 2.Each member could allow home without being disturbed by authorities.