PLANT NOTES Part 1

Plant Diversity  Plants are members of the Kingdom ______.  They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment ______.

Plant Diversity  Plants are members of the Kingdom Plantae.  They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment ______.

Plant Diversity  Plants are members of the Kingdom Plantae.  They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll.

Plant Diversity  Members of Kingdom Plantae include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses & ferns.  Most plants are autotrophic, however there are a few ______ that live on & feed off of decaying matter.

Plant Diversity  Members of Kingdom Plantae include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses & ferns.  Most plants are autotrophic, however there are a few parasites that live on & feed off of decaying matter.

What Plants Need to Survive  ______ – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis.  ______ & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

What Plants Need to Survive  Sunlight – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis.  ______ & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

What Plants Need to Survive  Sunlight – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis.  Water & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

What Plants Need to Survive  ______ exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis.  Movement of water & ______ – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

What Plants Need to Survive  Gas exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis.  Movement of water & ______ – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

What Plants Need to Survive  Gas exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis.  Movement of water & nutrients – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

The Origin of Plants  When plants first appeared on Earth, they changed its’ existence.  With the emergence of plants, new ecosystems appeared and organic matter began to form ___.

The Origin of Plants  When plants first appeared on Earth, they changed its’ existence.  With the emergence of plants, new ecosystems appeared and organic matter began to form soil.

The Origin of Plants  Plants had to evolve structures that allowed them to acquire, transport and conserve water in order to successfully exist in their new habitat.  Most scientists agree that the first plants evolved from an organism that is similar to green _____, which you should recall is a plant-like protist.

The Origin of Plants  Plants had to evolve structures that allowed them to acquire, transport and conserve water in order to successfully exist in their new habitat.  Most scientists agree that the first plants evolved from an organism that is similar to green algae, which you should recall is a plant-like protist.

Plant Diversity BRYOPHYTES:  Include ______ plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts.  These are classified as nonvascular & are found in moist, shaded areas.

Plant Diversity BRYOPHYTES:  Include low- growing plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts.  These are classified as nonvascular & are found in moist, shaded areas.

Bryophytes  Bryophytes depend on _____ for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs.  Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, _____, near streams and in rain forests.

Bryophytes  Bryophytes depend on water for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs.  Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, _____, near streams and in rain forests.

Bryophytes  Bryophytes depend on water for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs.  Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, bogs, near streams and in rain forests.

Bryophytes  Because they aren’t vascular, mosses don’t have true roots. Instead they have _______, which are long, thin cells that anchor them into the ground and absorb water & minerals.

Bryophytes  Because they aren’t vascular, mosses don’t have true roots. Instead they have rhizoids, which are long, thin cells that anchor them into the ground and absorb water & minerals.

Bryophytes  Humans use a particular moss from the genus Sphagnum, which we commonly call ____ moss.  When it dries it can be cut from the ground and burned, or it can be used in gardening due to its’ sponge-like ability to hold water.

Bryophytes  Humans use a particular moss from the genus Sphagnum, which we commonly call peat moss.  When it dries it can be cut from the ground and burned, or it can be used in gardening due to its’ sponge-like ability to hold water.

Seedless Vascular Plants  Vascular plants have a specialized __________ system with vascular tissue for conducting water & nutrients.  Vascular plants contain a xylem layer (which transports water) and a phloem layer (which transports food like nutrients & carbohydrates).

Seedless Vascular Plants  Vascular plants have a specialized transport system with vascular tissue for conducting water & nutrients.  Vascular plants contain a xylem layer (which transports water) and a phloem layer (which transports food like nutrients & carbohydrates).

Vascular Tissues

Seedless Vascular Plants  Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body.  All vascular plants have _____, stems & leaves.  Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & _____.

Seedless Vascular Plants  Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body.  All vascular plants have roots, stems & leaves.  Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & _____.

Seedless Vascular Plants  Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body.  All vascular plants have roots, stems & leaves.  Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & ferns.

Seed Plants  Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land.  The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: ____________ (cone-bearing plants) ____________ (flowering plants)

Seed Plants  Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land.  The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) ___________ (flowering plants)

Seed Plants  Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land.  The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Seed Plants  One reason that seed plants became so successful is because they don’t require water for the fertilization of their gametes.  Because of this, seed plants can live just about anywhere.

Seed Plant Adaptations  Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by ___________ and the protection of embryos encased in _____.  Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed- bearing structures in angiosperms. GymnospermAngiosperm

Seed Plant Adaptations  Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by pollination and the protection of embryos encased in ______.  Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed- bearing structures in angiosperms. GymnospermAngiosperm

Seed Plant Adaptations  Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by pollination and the protection of embryos encased in seeds.  Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed- bearing structures in angiosperms. GymnospermAngiosperm

Seed Plant Adaptations  In seed plants, the entire male gamete is contained in a tiny structure called a pollen grain, which is carried to the female parts of the flower by wind, insects or small animals for pollination.

Seed Plant Adaptations  A seed is an embryo of a plant encased in a protective covering & surrounded by a food supply.  After fertilization, the zygote becomes an embryo & eventually a plant.

Read chapter 23 and be ready to take Quiz chapter 23 next class