Sustainable Development Year 1 Chemical Engineers University of Bath The state of the world - water use in the mining industry Updated 2009

Agenda What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand What this means for the planet Sustainable Development as a response and its possible implications An introduction to the Assignment

Agenda What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand What this means for the planet Sustainable Development as a response and its possible implications An introduction to the Assignment

Population growth Ref: World Bank World development Report 2003

Rio Tinto

Urban population growth

Rio Tinto

Source: IISI, World Bank, Global Insight Rio Tinto

Human Development Report 2007/8 UNDP Country Fact Sheets The Gap between rich and poor

-ve income growth, more inequalities +ve income growth, less ve inequalities +ve income growth, more inequalities -ve income growth, less inequalities Inequality has increased in many countries, with or without growth -10 year comparison World Development Indicators 2007 – World Bank – 59 countries on $1-2 per day

Agenda What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand What this means for the planet Sustainable Development as a response and its possible implications An introduction to the Assignment

One World

What is happening to our planet Croplands, forests, grassland, wetlands and fisheries continue to decline Water availability changing CO 2 etc levels continue to rise with consequent increase in climate variability Biodiversity decreasing Poverty gap not closing Global conflict increasing

Agenda What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand What this means for the planet Sustainable Development as a response and its possible implications An introduction to the Assignment

The challenge Continuing to grow the worlds economies to alleviate poverty without destroying the fundamental ecological systems which sustain life as we know it. Tom Burke

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Bruntland, Our Common Future 1987 Social progress which recognises the needs of everyone Effective protection of the environment Prudent use of natural resources Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment At the same time in the UK and the rest of the world HM Government

Interpreting SD – In context Global Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs WCED (Brundtland), Our Common Future 1987 Country, state, region UK Government (2008) We want to live within environmental limits and ensure a strong, just and healthy society by means of a sustainable economy good governance and sound science. Priority areas are: sustainable production and consumption, climate change, natural resource protection and environmental enhancement and creating sustainable communities. Business Rössing, Uranium Mining company Namibia (company ) ensuring that the positive developments taking place during the years of mining have a long lasting positive effect on the people of the region and Namibia building employees capacity to contribute to their future wellbeing minimise inevitable environmental impacts of mining are after closure remain enough natural resources for the children of future generations to have a livelihood in the region. Individual to make and want to make sound choices in the face of the inherent complexity and uncertainty of the future. Is the choice effective? Is it just? Is it modest?

Techno-economic Social Ecological Sustainable Development Trade Offs SD High ground A balance between T-ESE

Munich Re Group NatCatService Geo Risks Research December 2006

But all is not doom and gloom No lack of food Resources have kept pace Small pox eradicated Ozone depletion tackled Illiteracy rates fallen Infant mortality has dropped World Bank World Development Report 2003

Population, Health and Human Well-being Children's Health:

So what of those future generations Being more efficient and careful now Changing the nature of resources Setting aside wealth for the future Changing the nature of opportunity Or letting them take care of themselves when the time arrives

Chemical Engineers role We will use our skills to improve the quality of life: foster employment, advance economic and social development, and protect the environment. This challenge encompasses the essence of sustainable development. We will work to make the world a better place for future generations. IChemE London communiqué

Efficiency Improvements Industry YearsEfficiency gain per unit of output EU Chemical % less energy US Chemical % less energy European Paper % less water European and Canadian Paper % less energy Steel in OECD % less energy OECD 2001

Agenda What the future holds in terms of population, economy and resource demand What this means for the planet Sustainable Development as a response and its possible implications An introduction to the Assignment

The mining industry takes rock from the earth and processes it to extract valuable minerals for use by other industries and business sectors whilst at the same time storing uneconomic materials (wastes) safely.

Mine Waste rock to store

Mine Waste rock to store Mineral treatment

Haulage

Grinding

Mine Waste rock to store Mineral treatment Concentrate Fine waste (tailings) to store For further processing

Waste Disposal Tailings Dam

Assignment Prepare a statement on the global water situation. Calculate the water balance for a mining operation in a water stressed area Suggest how the balance can be improved Look for pitfalls in what you suggest

Useful Links ,00.htm (search for water reports under publications and reports) ex.shtml