Using Nanotechnology in Medical Imaging and Diagnosis Alisha Shutler Introduction to Nanotechnology December 1, 2007

2 Presentation Outline  Introduction  Bioimaging Techniques  Medical Uses  Nanotechnology’s Role  References

3 Introduction  Biomedical imaging has revolutioned the healthcare industry  Current popular techniques involve imaging at structural and anatomic level  Need to extend imaging to cellular and molecular levels

4 Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence  Reflection [1]  Confocal Microscopy  Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)  Transmission [1]  Confocal Microscopy  Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy  Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy  Fluorescence [1]  (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy  Scanning Optical Microscopy  Confocal Microscopy  Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM)  Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy (TIRF)  Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

5 Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence  Reflection [1]  Confocal Microscopy  Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)  Transmission [1]  Confocal Microscopy  Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy  Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy  Fluorescence [1]  (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy  Scanning Optical Microscopy  Confocal Microscopy  Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM)  Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy (TIRF)  Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) Fluorescence Imaging of Collagen [2] Two-Photon Imaging [2]

6 Bioimaging Techniques: Getting Additional Information  Spectral Imaging [1]  Bandpass Filters  Localized Spectroscopy  Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)  Time Resolved Imaging [1]  Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)  Nonlinear Optical Imaging [1]  Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Interference Filter [3]

7 Bioimaging Techniques: Looking Ahead  Multifunction Imaging  4Pi Imaging  Combination Microscopes  Miniaturized Microscopes

8 Medical Uses: In-vivo, In-vitro, Ex-vivo  Cellular Imaging  RNA/DNA  Protein-Protein Interactions  Tissue Imaging  Soft Tissue  Hard Tissue  In-vivo imaging can be used at the level of tissue, organ, or entire live being [1]

9 Medical Uses: Detecting the Bad Guys  Viruses and Bacteria  Detection of Tumor Cells  Cancer Detection  Corneal Imaging  Gastrointestinal Pathology  Drug Tracking Tumor Cells in a Mouse [2]

10 Medical Uses: Looking Ahead  Future applications of near-IR imaging  Use of nanoparticle approach of encapsulation and delivery  In-situ activation of a fluorescent probe  Real-time in-vivo imaging  Imaging of microbes << wavelength of light

11 Nanotechnology’s Role  Light-Matter Interactions  Confining light on nanoscale  Confining matter on nanoscale  Quantum Dots  Long lifetimes  Not easy to photobleach  Insensitive to microbial attack Quantum Dots Fluorescence Imaging [2]

12 Nanotechnology’s Role  Bioimaging  Biosensing  Photodynamic therapy  Magnetic nanoclinics

13 References 1.Prasad, Paras N. Biophotonics. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Cheng, Ji-Xin. “Diagnostic Detection with Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy.” Perdue University. Fall Link 3.Nave, C. R. “Interference Filters.” Hyperphysics Georgia University. 30 Nov Link