Figure 16.0 Watson and Crick

Figure 16.0x James Watson

Figure 16.1 Transformation of bacteria

Figure 16.2a The Hershey-Chase experiment: phages

Figure 16.2ax Phages

Figure 16.2b The Hershey-Chase experiment

Figure 16.3 The structure of a DNA stand

Figure 16.4 Rosalind Franklin and her X-ray diffraction photo of DNA

Figure 16.5 The double helix

Unnumbered Figure (page 292) Purine and pyridimine

Figure 16.6 Base pairing in DNA

Figure 16.7 A model for DNA replication: the basic concept (Layer 1)

Figure 16.7 A model for DNA replication: the basic concept (Layer 2)

Figure 16.7 A model for DNA replication: the basic concept (Layer 3)

Figure 16.7 A model for DNA replication: the basic concept (Layer 4)

Figure 16.8 Three alternative models of DNA replication

Figure 16.9 The Meselson-Stahl experiment tested three models of DNA replication (Layer 1)

Figure 16.9 The Meselson-Stahl experiment tested three models of DNA replication (Layer 2)

Figure 16.9 The Meselson-Stahl experiment tested three models of DNA replication (Layer 3)

Figure 16.9 The Meselson-Stahl experiment tested three models of DNA replication (Layer 4)

Figure Origins of replication in eukaryotes

Figure Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA strand

Figure The two strands of DNA are antiparallel

Figure Synthesis of leading and lagging strands during DNA replication

Figure Priming DNA synthesis with RNA

Figure The main proteins of DNA replication and their functions

Figure A summary of DNA replication

Figure Nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage

Figure The end-replication problem

Figure 16.19a Telomeres and telomerase: Telomeres of mouse chromosomes

Figure 16.19b Telomeres and telomerase

Figure 17.0 Ribosome

Figure 17.1 Beadle and Tatum’s evidence for the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 1)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 2)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 3)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 4)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 5)

Figure 17.3 The triplet code

Figure 17.4 The dictionary of the genetic code

Figure 17.5 A tobacco plant expressing a firefly gene

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 1)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 2)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 3)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 4)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: elongation

Figure 17.7 The initiation of transcription at a eukaryotic promoter

Figure 17.8 RNA processing; addition of the 5 cap and poly(A) tail

Figure 17.9 RNA processing: RNA splicing

Figure The roles of snRNPs and spliceosomes in mRNA splicing

Figure Correspondence between exons and protein domains

Figure Translation: the basic concept

Figure 17.13a The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

Figure 17.13b The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

Figure An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA

Figure The anatomy of a functioning ribosome

Figure Structure of the large ribosomal subunit at the atomic level

Figure The initiation of translation

Figure The elongation cycle of translation

Figure The termination of translation

Figure Polyribosomes

Figure The signal mechanism for targeting proteins to the ER

Table 17.1 Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell

Figure Coupled transcription and translation in bacteria

Figure The molecular basis of sickle-cell disease: a point mutation

Figure Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair insertion or deletion

Figure Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair substitution

Figure A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell

Figure Regulation of a metabolic pathway

Figure 18.20a The trp operon: regulated synthesis of repressible enzymes

Figure 18.20b The trp operon: regulated synthesis of repressible enzymes (Layer 1)

Figure 18.20b The trp operon: regulated synthesis of repressible enzymes (Layer 2)

Figure 18.21a The lac operon: regulated synthesis of inducible enzymes

Figure 18.21b The lac operon: regulated synthesis of inducible enzymes

Figure 18.22a Positive control: cAMP receptor protein

Figure 18.22b Positive control: cAMP receptor protein

Figure 19.2 Part of a family of identical genes for ribosomal RNA

Figure 19.3 The evolution of human  -globin and  -globin gene families

Figure 19.5 Retrotransposon movement

Figure 19.6 DNA rearrangement in the maturation of an immunoglobulin (antibody) gene

Figure 19.7 Opportunities for the control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells

Figure 19.8 A eukaryotic gene and its transcript

Figure 19.9 A model for enhancer action

Figure 21.6 Nuclear transplantation

Figure 21.7 Cloning a mammal

Figure 21.8 Working with stem cells

Figure 21.9 Determination and differentiation of muscle cells (Layer 1)

Figure 21.9 Determination and differentiation of muscle cells (Layer 2)

Figure 21.9 Determination and differentiation of muscle cells (Layer 3)

Figure Sources of developmental information for the early embryo

Figure Key developmental events in the life cycle of Drosophila

Figure The effect of the bicoid gene, a maternal effect (egg-polarity) gene in Drosophila

Figure Segmentation genes in Drosophila

Figure Three of the major types of DNA-binding domains in transcription factors

Figure Alternative RNA splicing

Figure Degradation of a protein by a proteasome

Figure Genetic changes that can turn proto-ocogenes into oncogenes

Figure Signaling pathways that regulate cell growth (Layer 1)

Figure Signaling pathways that regulate cell growth (Layer 2)

Figure Signaling pathways that regulate cell growth (Layer 3)

Figure A multi-step model for the development of colorectal cancer