Muscle Kinesiology Anatomy & Physiology

Who came up with those LONG names? Many of the names come from Latin and the regional skeletal bones How many skeletal muscles can you name?

Muscle Movement Movement produced by contraction and pulling on attached bone Point of attachment of tendons to bones is called ORIGINS AND INSERTIONS ORIGIN: attachment to stationary/immovable bone INSERTION: attachment to movable bone

Contraction causes insertion to be pulled to origin. 2. Long head- tendon attaches to scapula 3. Short head- attached to clavicle

Group Action: muscles working in groups to produce body movement Prime Movers: (agonist) Muscles primarily involved in being responsible for a particular movement i.e-raising hand(deltoid) Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or reverse the action of the PM. Synergist: (helper) muscle that aids the PM in a particular movement.

Prime mover- biceps Antagonist-triceps brachii Synergists- other muscles of forearm to stabilize the elbow joint

Primary Antagonistic Actions of Muscular system (examples of) 1.Flexion/Extension: quadriceps femoris and hamstrings for hip and knee 2.Abduction/Adduction: lats and deltoid for arm 3.Elevation/Depression: various parts of traps to shrug and release shoulders

Cont. 4.Pronation/Supination: flexor and extension muscles in hand allow palm to turn in, palm turned out=thumbs up/thumbs down 5.Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion: tibialis anterior vs tibialis posterior= foot flexion up and foot extension down. 6.Inversion/Eversion:tibialis anterior/posterior and fibularis longus= foot in and out

Seven ways we name muscles CHARACTERISTIC Description EXAMPLES IN HUMANS 1.Direction of fascicles relative to midline rectus = parallel transverse = perpendicular oblique = at 45o angle Rectus abdominus Transversus abdominus External Oblique 2.Location (i.e. the bone or body part that a muscle covers) frontal bone tibia Frontalis Tibialis Anterior 3.Relative Size maximus = largest longus = longest brevis = shortest Gluteus maximus Palmaris longus fibularis brevis

Muscle naming cont’ 4.Number of Origins (Heads) biceps = 2 origins triceps = 3 origins Biceps brachii Triceps brachii 5. Shape deltoid = triangle trapezius = trapezoid serratus = saw-toothed orbicularis = circular Deltoid Trapezius Serratus anterior Orbicularis oris 6. Location of Origin and/or Insertion origin = sternum insertion = mastoid process Sternocleidomastoid 7. Action of Muscle flexion extension adduction Flexor carpi radialis Extensor digitorum Adductor longus

Quick Quiz (2 points/bullet) 1.Points of attachment of tendons to bone are called: 2.Muscles that oppose the prime mover (agonist) are called what? 3.Which of the 7 ways we name muscles helps explain the naming of the rectus abdominus? 4. Give an example of a muscle name based on its shape (also give the shape)? 5.What two groups of muscles work to flex and extend the knee and hip?