Myology 余 明 华

Morphology Classification Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 Long muscle 长肌 Short muscle 短肌 Broad muscle阔肌 Orbicular mucle 轮匝肌

Origin 起点 insertion 止点 position 位置 action 作用 Nomenclature of mucles肌的命名: shap, size, location, and their points of attachment

Accessory structures Fascia Synovial bursa Superficial fascia Deep fascia Synovial bursa

Tendinous sheath Fibrous layer Synovial layer: mesotendon, vincula tendinum

Section 1 The muscles of head The facial muscles -the epicranius -the orbicularis oculi -the muscles around the mouth The masticatory muscles -the masseter -the temporalis -the medial pterygoid -the lateral pterygoid

Section 2 The muscles of neck By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: superficial, anterior and deep. Ⅰ. the superficial group 1. the platysma

2. Sternocleidomastoid ORIGIN manubrium and clavicle INSERTION mastoid process ACTION Protracts head when acting together; The head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side

1. the suprahyoid muscles Ⅱ. the anterior group 1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric mylohyoid stylohyoid Geniohyoid 2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid

brachial plexus and subclavian artery 2. medial group Ⅲ. the deep group 1. lateral group scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior Scalene fissure: above the first rib, between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius. brachial plexus and subclavian artery 2. medial group

The Muscles of Trunk Section 3 The Muscles of Back The Muscles of Thorax The Diaphragm The Muscles of Abdomen

The Muscles of Back Trapezius -raises,descends,retracts Scapula Latissimus dorsi -extends,adducts and medially rotates humerus Levator scapulae Rhomboideus Erector spinae Splenius

The Muscles of Thorax Pectoralis major - adducts and medially rotates arm Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior -holds the scapula against chest wall

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

DIAPHRAGM ORIGIN Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal: medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs . Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid. INSERTION Central tendon ACTION Inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure

Aortic aperture -12th thoracic vertebra -the abdominal aorta the thoracic duct. Esophagheal aperture -10th thoracic vertebra -the esophagus the vagal trunks. Vena cava foramen -8th thoracic vertebra -the inferior vena cava

The Muscles of Abdomen Anterolateral group Posterior External abdominal oblique Internal abdominal oblique Transversus abdominis Retus abdominis Posterior Psoas major Quadratus lumborum

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE ORIGIN Anterior angles of lower eight ribs INSERTION iliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest ACTION Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure Aponeurotic tendons -inguinal ligament; lacunar ligament; pectineal ligament -superficial inguinal ring

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE ORIGIN Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament INSERTION Costal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath, conjoint tendon ACTION Supports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament INSERTION Aponeurosis of rectus sheath and conjoint tendon ACTION Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure.

RECTUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN Pubic crest and pubic symphysis INSERTION 5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid ACTION Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure

Sheath of rectus abdominis 白线 弓状线 Sheath of rectus abdominis Anterior layer aponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique Posterior layer aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis

Inguinal canal lying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament; commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring Inguinal triangle -inferior epigastric artery; -lateral border of the rectus abdominis; -medial half of the inguinal ligament

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