CH----O---C-----R R= C12-C24 Hydrocarbon Chain I I O 3 Biodiesel Molecule Triglyceride Transesterification

A high viscosity fuel, such as raw vegetable oil, will produce a larger drop of fuel in an engine combustion chamber which may not burn as clean as a fuel that produces a smaller drop. Biodiesel has a viscosity much closer to diesel fuel than vegetable oil. This helps produce a much smaller drop, which burns cleaner.

300 gallons Yellow Grease x.6 = 180 gallons 180 gallons x 134,000 BTU’s = 24,120,000 BTU’s 180 gallons x 7.38 lbs. = 1,328 lbs. 1,328 lbs. x $0.16 = $ ($1.18/gal.)

Types of Alternative Fuels Dimethoxy Methane, Dimethyl Ether Thermal Depolymerization Biodiesel Oil; SAE Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Rapeseed Methyl Ester(RME) CNG, LNG, LPG (Traditional) Fischer-tropf Fuels, Biomass to Liquid(BTL), Sundiesel E-diesel P-Series Purinox Syngas, Nano-fuels

Biofuels and the Carbon Cycle When the source of fuel is plant matter, organic material or biomass, the fuel is a renewable source of energy, an important distinction. A large part of the CO2 released during combustion is reclaimed during photosynthesis.The most readily available and successful biofuels in the marketplace today are ethanol and biodiesel.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE)

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Projected Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions

CO2 Concentrations As Observed, 1958 through 2002 Cold War Technology

Carbon Sequestration

Geologic Approaches to Sequestration Oil and Gas Reservoirs Coal Bed Methane Saline Formation

Ocean Approaches CO2 is soluble in ocean water, and through natural processes the oceans both absorb and emit huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. It is widely believed that the oceans will eventually absorb most of the CO2 in the atmosphere. However, ocean uptake is unacceptably slow. Stimulate growth of phytoplankton by adding micronutrients and macronutrients Direct injection of CO2

Terrestrial Approaches Forest lands Agricultural lands Biomass croplands Restoration of degraded lands and deserts Boreal wetlands and peatlands

Nanotechnology

Infrastructure $/Kw

Biofuels are an important component of Carbon Sequestration