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Separation techniques 25Mb

Content covered last week That matter contains particles (usually atoms or molecules) The states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) How the particles are arranged within these states The changes of state: melting, evaporation, condensation, freezing, sublimation and solidification

Find out about the following. All relate to separating mixtures (impure substances). When should these processes by used, and how do they work: 1. Dissolving and evaporation. (How can we separate a mixture of salt and sand?) 2. Both simple and fractional distillation. (How do we extract petrol LPG and diesel from crude oil) 3. Filtering (Research the use of filters in everyday life) 4. Chromatography 5, Centrifuging (Separating by centrifugal force) THIS WEEK

Classifying Matter Matter (solid, liquid gas) Pure substance Impure substance (mixture) Element Compound non metal metal mix 2 or more react 2 or more separate by physical methods (SEE LECTURE1) separate by chemical reaction

Notes 1. Matter is anything with mass that takes up space 2. Pure substances are single substances. (eg distilled water contains 100% water) 3. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed in any ratio or proportion 4. Elements are special substances which contain just one type of atom (eg sodium Na contains Na atoms only) 5. Compounds are substances that contain two or more elements chemically combined together. They are usually hard to separate.

Filtration Your teacher will now show you how to use the equipment Clamp stand conical flask filter funnel beaker

water 100mL beaker strip of filter paper Paper Chromatography Your teacher will now explain how to set up the equipment

Chromatography Results

How the solvent rises You should mark the position of the solvent front with a fine pencil before it dries out Research: Try to find out what is meant by Rf values How do these relate to the separated dye components?

Metal Burning in Air.mpeg

Distillation animation

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Labelled distillation equipment

Distilling crude oil (a complex mixture of hydrocarbons) Notice the range of temperatures! Which component has the lowest, which the highest? What is the approx boiling point of petrol?

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