Noun Declensions 1st: mostly feminine, with a few masculine. –ancilla, poēta, aqua 2 nd : masculine with a few feminine(-us, or -er) or neuter (- um) –dominus, servus, templum, ātrium 3 rd : all genders; usually with one stem in the nominative (with neuters, nominative and accusative) and another for the other cases –leō, leōnis; mīles, mīlitis; custōs, custōdis 4th: masculine (-us) and neuter (-ū) –gradus, portus, cornu 5 th : feminine, except for diēs, which can be masculine or feminine

Dictionary Entries The dictionary will give you the nominative singular, genitive singular and gender of a noun. To save space, the genitive singular can be abbreviated: –ancilla, ancillae f. OR ancilla, -ae f. –dominus, dominī m. OR dominus, dominī m. –mīles, mīlitis m. OR mīles, -itis m. The genitive singular lets you know how the stem changes in a 3rd declension noun and also tells you if a noun in –us is 2nd or 4th declension –servus, -ī m. v. portus, -ūs m. The vocabulary at the back of Cambridge Book 1 gives you the accusative singular instead because the genitive is not introduced until Book 2.

General Tips The accusative singular in masculine and feminine nouns always ends in –m –dominum, ancillam, mercātōrem The accusative plural of masculine and feminine nouns always ends in -s –dominōs, ancillās, montēs The genitive plural always ends in -um –dominōrum, ancillārum, montium Except in the 3rd declension, the ablative singular always ends with the declension’s `signature vowel’ in its long form –dominō, ancillā, gradū, diē The dative and ablative plural are always the same and end in –īs or –bus –cum ancillīs, cum dominīs, sine mīlitibus, omnibus crēdite The neuter nominative and accusative are always the same –forum est pulchrum, forum spectāmus The neuter nominative/accusative plural always ends in –a –computātra nōn sunt animālia (so a word ending in –a isn’t always a singular, 1st declension noun)

DERIVATION LATINITALIANSPANISHFRENCHENGLISH oculusocchioojoœil perīculumpericolopeligropéril vēritās, vēritātem veritàverdadvérité nātiō nātiōnem nazionenaciónnation actor, actōrem attoreactoracteur

DERIVATION LATINITALIANSPANISHFRENCHENGLISH oculusocchioojoœileye perīculumpericolopeligropérilperil vēritās, vēritātem veritàverdadvéritétruth nātiō nātiōnem nazionenaciónnation actor, actōrem attoreactoracteuractor

1st declension: ancilla, -ae (f.) SingularPlural Nominative ancillaancillae Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

1st declension: ancilla, -ae (f.) SingularPlural Nominative ancillaancillae Accusative ancillamancillās Genitive Dative Ablative

1st declension: ancilla, -ae (f.) SingularPlural Nominative ancillaancillae Accusative ancillamancillās Genitive ancillaeancillārum Dative Ablative

1st declension: ancilla, -ae (f.) SingularPlural Nominative ancillaancillae Accusative ancillamancillās Genitive ancillaeancillārum Dative ancillaeancillīs Ablative

1st declension: ancilla, -ae (f.) SingularPlural Nominative ancillaancillae Accusative ancillamancillās Genitive ancillaeancillārum Dative ancillaeancillīs Ablative ancillāancillīs

1st DECLENSION IRREGULARITIES The Dat/Abl plural of fīlia (daughter) and dea (goddess) are fīliābus and deābus to avoid confusions with fīliīs (< fīlius, son) and deīs (< deus, god) With names of cities and small islands, the Locative endings –ae (sing.) and –īs (plr) are used instead of prepositions to give the meaning `in’ or `at’: –Rōmae, in Rome (but in urbe Rōmā, in the city of Rome) –Athēnīs, in Athens (but in urbe Athēnīs

2nd declension: dominus, -ī (m.) SingularPlural Nominative dominusdomin ī Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

2nd declension: dominus, -ī (m.) SingularPlural Nominative dominusdomin ī Accusative dominumdominōs Genitive Dative Ablative

2nd declension: dominus, -ī (m.) SingularPlural Nominative dominusdomin ī Accusative dominumdominōs Genitive dominīdominōrum Dative Ablative

2nd declension: dominus, -ī ( m.) SingularPlural Nominative dominusdominī Accusative dominumdominōs Genitive dominīdominōrum Dative dominōdominīs Ablative

2nd declension: dominus, -ī (m.) SingularPlural Nominative dominusdominī Accusative dominumdominōs Genitive dominīdominōrum Dative dominōdominīs Ablative dominōdominīs

2nd declension: templum, -ī (n.) SingularPlural Nominative templumtempla Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

2nd declension: templum, -ī (n.) SingularPlural Nominative templumtempla Accusative templumtempla Genitive Dative Ablative

2nd declension: templum, -ī (n.) SingularPlural Nominative templumtempla Accusative templumtempla Genitive templītemplōrum Dative Ablative

2nd declension: templum, -ī (n.) SingularPlural Nominative templumtempla Accusative templumtempla Genitive templītemplōrum Dative templōtemplīs Ablative

2nd declension: templum, -ī (n.) SingularPlural Nominative templumtempla Accusative templumtempla Genitive templītemplōrum Dative templōtemplīs Ablative templōtemplīs

2nd DECLENSION - IRREGULARITIES With names of cities and small islands, the LOCATIVE endings –ī (sing.) and –īs (plr) are used instead of prepositions to give the meaning `in’ or `at’: – Marcus Londiniī et Pompeiīs habitābat Nouns in –us change to –e when the person is being addressed but the –us is simply dropped if `i’ precedes it (VOCATIVE case) Ad urbem, Marce et Iūlī, venīte! A preceding `i’ may be dropped before the – ī of the GENITIVE and LOCATIVE Pater Iulī Londinī habitat Julius’s father lives in London. The address (VOCATIVE) form of deus is the same as the nominative, while dī is often used instead of deī in the NOM plural, deum instead of deōrum in the GEN plural and dīs for deīs in the DAT and ABL plural. – Dī nōbīs favent vir (man) uses vir- as the stem for all cases after the NOM/VOC singular A few nouns in-er (eg. puer, magister, liber) similarly use that form for the NOM/VOC singular, then use this as the base for all the other endings, often dropping the `e’ also –Puer est in viā. Puerum videō (`e’ retained) –Magister est in viā. Magistrum videō (`e’ dropped)

3rd declension: leō, leōnis (m.) SingularPlural Nominative le ō leōnēs Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: leō, leōnis (m.) SingularPlural Nominative le ō leōnēs Accusative leōnemleōnēs Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: leō, leōnis (m.) SingularPlural Nominative le ō leōnēs Accusative leōnemleōnēs Genitive leōnisleōnum Dative Ablative

3rd declension: leō, leōnis (m.) SingularPlural Nominative le ō leōnēs Accusative leōnemleōnēs Genitive leōnisleōnum Dative leōnīleōnibus Ablative

3rd declension: leō, leōnis (m.) SingularPlural Nominative le ō leōnēs Accusative leōnemleōnēs Genitive leōnisleōnum Dative leōnīleōnibus Ablative leōneleōnibus

3rd declension: nōmen, nōminis (n.) SingularPlural Nominative nōmennōmina Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: nōmen, nōminis (n.) SingularPlural Nominative nōmennōmina Accusative nōmennōmina Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: nōmen, nōminis (n.) SingularPlural Nominative nōmennōmina Accusative nōmennōmina Genitive nōminisnōminum Dative Ablative

3rd declension: nōmen, nōminis (n.) SingularPlural Nominative nōmennōmina Accusative nōmennōmina Genitive nōminisnōminum Dative nōminīnōminibus Ablative

3rd declension: nōmen, nōminis (n.) SingularPlural Nominative nōmennōmina Accusative nōmennōmina Genitive nōminisnōminum Dative nōminīnōminibus Ablative nōminenōminibus

3rd declension: SeXy nouns 3rd declension nouns ending in –s or–x with the same number of syllables in nominative and genitive singular (e.g cīvis, cīvis, citizen; ignis, ignis, fire) or with a one-syllable nominative singular and a stem for the genitive ending in two consonants (urbs, urbis or nox, noctis) have the genitive plural in –ium: e,g, civium, urbium These nouns also have an alternative accusative plural ending in –īs (e.g. cīvīs videō or cīvēs videō, I see the citizens). This ending, rarely used in beginners’ books, is quite common in Latin literature. If the nominative and genitive singular are exactly the same, the ablative singular can end in –ī as well as in –e (e.g. cum cīvī or cum cīve (with a citizen), sine ignī or sine igne (without fire))

3rd declension: civis, civis (m., f.) SingularPlural Nominative cīviscīvēs Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: civis, civis (m., f.) SingularPlural Nominative cīviscīvēs Accusative cīvemcīvēs or cīvīs Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: civis, civis (m., f.) SingularPlural Nominative cīviscīvēs Accusative cīvemcīvēs or cīvīs Genitive cīviscīvium Dative Ablative

3rd declension: civis, civis (m., f.) SingularPlural Nominative cīviscīvēs Accusative cīvemcīvēs or cīvīs Genitive cīviscīvium Dative cīvīcīvibus Ablative

3rd declension: civis, civis (m., f.) SingularPlural Nominative cīviscīvēs Accusative cīvemcīvēs or cīvīs Genitive cīviscīvium Dative cīvīcīvibus Ablative cīve or cīvīcīvibus

3rd declension: neuter nouns with –ia plural Neuter nouns ending in –e, -al or –ar (e.g. mare, maris, sea; animal, animālis, animal) also have genitive plural nominative in –ium They have nominative and accusative plural in –ia Their ablative singular ALWAYS ends in -ī

3rd declension: mare, maris (n.) SingularPlural Nominative maremaria Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: mare, maris (n.) SingularPlural Nominative maremaria Accusative maremaria Genitive Dative Ablative

3rd declension: mare, maris (n.) SingularPlural Nominative maremaria Accusative maremaria Genitive marismarium Dative Ablative

3rd declension: mare, maris (n.) SingularPlural Nominative maremaria Accusative maremaria Genitive marismarium Dative marīmaribus Ablative

3rd declension: mare, maris (n.) SingularPlural Nominative maremaria Accusative maremaria Genitive marismarium Dative marīmaribus Ablative marīmaribus

3rd DECLENSION IRREGULARITIES With names of cities and small islands, the Locative endings –e or -ī (sing.) and –ibus (plr) are used instead of prepositions to give the meaning `in’ or `at’: –Carthāgine habitābāmus –Novemdracōnibus habitābam bōs, bovis m/f, ox/cow: GEN plr. bovum or boum, DAT/ABL plr. bovibus, bubus or bobus vīs f, force: only has ACCUS vim and ABL vī in singular; regular plr vīrēs, vīrium must be carefully distinguished from 2nd declension vir, virī (man).

4th declension: gradus, grad ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative gradusgrad ū s Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

4th declension: gradus, grad ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative gradusgrad ū s Accusative gradumgrad ū s Genitive Dative Ablative

4th declension: gradus, grad ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative gradusgrad ū s Accusative gradumgrad ū s Genitive grad ū sgraduum Dative Ablative

4th declension: gradus, grad ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative gradusgrad ū s Accusative gradumgrad ū s Genitive grad ū sgraduum Dative graduīgradibus Ablative

4th declension: gradus, grad ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative gradusgrad ū s Accusative gradumgrad ū s Genitive grad ū sgraduum Dative graduīgradibus Ablative grad ū gradibus

4th/2nd declension: domus, dom ū s (m.) SingularPlural Nominative domusdom ū s Accusative domumdomōs/dom ū s Genitive dom ū sdomuum/domōrum Dative domuī/domōdomibus Ablative domō/domūdomibus

NOTES ON DOMUS The table of endings gives the commoner form first. Note that the genitive plural ending in –ōrum is found only in poetry and late prose writers The table in Latin via Ovid (p.127) gives domī as an alternative for the genitive singular. However, this only occurs in the 2nd. Century B.C. dramatist Plautus, so the slide in this presentation (like many textbooks) omits it. domī is, however, used as locative singular, following the standard 2nd. declension pattern (there is no locative case in the 4 th. declension). domus is one of three common nouns (ie. not place names) which have a locative, the others being humus (locative: humī), ground, and rūs (locative: rūrī), countryside.

4th declension: corn ū, corn ū s (n.) SingularPlural Nominative corn ū cornua Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

4th declension: corn ū, corn ū s (n.) SingularPlural Nominative corn ū cornua Accusative corn ū cornua Genitive Dative Ablative

4th declension: corn ū, corn ū s (n.) SingularPlural Nominative corn ū cornua Accusative corn ū cornua Genitive corn ū scornuum Dative Ablative

4th declension: corn ū, corn ū s (n.) SingularPlural Nominative corn ū cornua Accusative corn ū cornua Genitive corn ū scornuum Dative cornu(ī)cornibus Ablative

4th declension: corn ū, corn ū s (n.) SingularPlural Nominative corn ū cornua Accusative corn ū cornua Genitive corn ū scornuum Dative cornuī ? corn ū? cornibus Ablative corn ū cornibus

5th declension: rēs, re ī (f.) SingularPlural Nominative rēs Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative

5th declension: rēs, re ī (f.) SingularPlural Nominative rēs Accusative remrēs Genitive Dative Ablative

5th declension: rēs, re ī (f.) SingularPlural Nominative rēs Accusative remrēs Genitive reīrērum Dative Ablative

5th declension: rēs, re ī (f.) SingularPlural Nominative rēs Accusative remrēs Genitive reīrērum Dative reīrēbus Ablative

5th declension: rēs, re ī (f.) SingularPlural Nominative rēs Accusative remrēs Genitive reīrērum Dative reīrēbus Ablative rērērēbus