September 28 Agenda 1.Entry task: Do the activity pg 33 except #5 ( I don’t want my mineral samples broken up. Write your answers for 1-4 in your notebook 2.Mineral notes 3.Properties of mineral lab

Mineral Notes Crystals

What is a Mineral? 1.Inorganic (nonliving, non carbon based) 2.Formed naturally 3.Solid

4. Definite Chemical Compound Minerals are made up of elements 5. Definite pattern They have a crystal structure

Two ways Minerals form 1.Magma Cooling a.Fast makes small crystals b.Slow makes large crystals

2 nd way Minerals are formed Dissolving in a liquid, then the liquid evaporates

Elements There are two elements that make up more than 75% of the earth’s crust they are Oxygen Silicon The other six common elements are: Fe (iron), Al (aluminum) Ca (calcium), Na (sodium) K (potassium), Mg (magnesium)

Identifying minerals Look at the mineral that you have been given, discuss with your partner how you might be able to distinguish your mineral from another mineral. List 5 or 6 ideas in your lab notebook

Identifying minerals 1.Color –Poor identifier by itself Many minerals have similar colors Colors may weather or change Minerals may come in different colors

Identifying minerals 2.Luster The way the mineral reflects light Earthy, waxy, silky, pearly, glassy, metallic. 3.Hardness Mohs Hardness Scale 1-10

Identifying Minerals 4. Streak The color left behind on a streak plate 5.Density How much space is between the atoms D=M/V

Identifying minerals 6.Crystal shape Six shapes 1.Cubic isometric 2.Tetragonal 3.Hexagonal 4.Orthorhombic 5.Monoclinic 6.Triclinic

Identifying minerals 7.Cleavage and Fracture Cleavage is the mineral breaking along a smooth surface Fracture break unevenly, jagged edges

Identifying minerals 8.Special properties Magneticmagnetite Fluorescentfluorite Saltyhalite Smellssulfur HCl (hydrochloric) acid testcalcite

Describe your mineral Use the Describe your mineral sheet to describe your mineral in your notebook

Identifying your mineral 1.Use the mineral identification key to identify your mineral 2.Share your decision and why you decided with your elbow partner—do they agree? If not why not? 3.Write what you identified the mineral to be and why you keyed it out to be that mineral.

October 3 Agenda 1.Entry Task: Make sure you have turned in your soils report. Answer the questions to the quiz on your index card-we will trade and grade 2.Finish mineral properties lab 3.Do Exploring minerals lab 4.Crystals shapes

Quiz one (minerals) 1.What are two ways that mineral form? 2.What 2 elements make up more than 75% of the earth’s crust? 3.What are the five criteria for being classified as a mineral? 4.Name one of the other 8 elements that make up the earth’s crust.

October 3 Exploring Mineral properties Exploring Mineral PropertiesName.doc Write your answers in your notebook from the lab instruction sheet Use the minerals that are at the lab stations for Crystal Structure, Magnetism, Fluorescence, and Hardness Take one mineral from the mineral box and run it through all the lab tests including density, write down the name of the mineral from the Washington mineral and rock box.

Agenda October 5 1.Entry task: Quiz 2 (open notes) 2.Finish identifying minerals 3.Go over Identifying minerals—next time you will be have a lab test and will have to identify a mineral on your own 4.Making crystal shapes lab 5.Making crystals lab

Crystal shapes October 6 With a partner cut out the five shapes and tape or glue them into their crystalline shape. Then label the shape with the correct shape name from the sheet. Put your initials on them and turn them into the gray box under 4 th period.

Exploring Mineral Properties Lab (Keying Out Minerals) 1.Use the Lab sheet and the Key to figure out each of the unidentified minerals. 2.Check your answers with other students. 3.Go back and look at the minerals you differ on. See if you can figure out which mineral it is. There should be eleven different minerals.

Crystal “Trees” 1.Follow the instructions on the crystal tree lab sheet, make sure to set up on the window sill before you pour your solution. 2.Please feel free to use your imagination and form any 3-D support for the crystals

Crystal trees Day 2 1.Add more solution if it is needed 2.Create a data table include 1.The date 2.What color are your crystals? Why? 3.How much growth did you get in 2 days? 4.How far up did the crystals grow on your object? 5.Any other significant observations

Rock Candy Crystals This lab is to learn how to make Rock candy Crystals and to scientifically observe the end result—please do not eat the end result. Sugar Crystals-100x Rock Candy Crystals-250x

Materials Needed 2 cups sugar 1 cups water a small saucepan a wooden spoon a small, clean glass jar a measuring cup cotton string a weight to hang on the string waxed paper a pencil (to suspend the string in the jar)

Day 1 Instructions 1.Heat the water in the saucepan over medium-high heat until it comes to a boil. 2. Completely dissolve the sugar in the boiling water, stirring continuously with the wooden spoon until the solution grows clear and it reaches a rolling boil. 3. Remove the solution from the heat, and then carefully pour about 5 cm. into a plastic cup 4. Tie the weight (candy) to one end of the string, and then tie the other end to the middle of the pencil. The string should be about two-thirds as long as the jar is deep. Dip the string into the sugar solution, remove it, lay it on a piece of paper, straighten it out, and let it dry for a few days.

Why does the string need to be soaked and then dried? The string will provide the surface on which the crystals will grow. As water evaporates from the string, small crystals of sugar will encrust the string. These tiny seed crystals provide starting points for larger crystals.

Day 2 Gently suspend the prepared string in the solution and let sit at room temperature, undisturbed, for several days. You can check each day to see how much your crystals have grown. It’s tempting, but don’t touch the jar until the experiment is the done. Write down any observations each day of changes you see. Measure the amount of growth, what color, what shape are the crystals, how big are the crystals, etc. At the end of the week, the crystals on your string should be clearly defined, with sharp right angles and smooth faces of various sizes. What shape of crystals have you made?

What makes the crystals grow? Two different methods will contribute to the growth of the crystals on the string. You have created a supersaturated solution by first heating a saturated sugar solution (a solution in which no more sugar can dissolve at a particular temperature) and then allowing it to cool. A supersaturated solution is unstable—it contains more solute (in this case, sugar) than can stay in a liquid form—so the sugar will come out of solution, forming what's called a precipitate. The other is evaporation—the water will evaporate slowly from the solution. As the water evaporates, the solution becomes more saturated and sugar molecules will continue to come out of the solution and collect on the seed crystals on the string. The rock candy crystals grow molecule by molecule. Your finished rock candy will be made up of about a quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000) molecules attached to the string.