English Language Arts Level 7 #22 Ms. Walker

Learn new Latin root words Definitions of Poetic Terms Introduction to Rhyme Scheme Introduction to Meter

Latin Root Words AQUAwater DECEMten MAGNUS great PHONE sound, voice Aquarium, aquatic, aqueduct Decade, decimal, decimate Magnificent, magnify, magnanimity Telephone, phonics

Poetry Defined Definition: Poetry is words expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry often uses meter and rhyme, but this is by no means necessary.

How to Read a Poem Read with a pencil in hand. 1. Mark difficult or confusing words, lines, and passages. 2. Read through the poem, several times if you can, both silently and aloud.

How to Read a Poem Examine the basic subject of the poem. Consider the title of the poem carefully. Does the title give you clues as to the main idea ?

How to Read a Poem Consider the context of the poem. 1. Are there any allusions to other literary or historical figures or events? 2. What do you know about this poet ?

How to Read a Poem Study the form of the poem. Consider sound and rhythm of the poem. Is there a metrical pattern? If so, how regular is it? Does the poet use rhyme?

How to Read a Poem Look at the word choice of the poem. 1. One way to see the action in a poem is to list all its verbs. 2. Does the poet use figurative language ?

How to Read a Poem Finishing Up… Ask, finally, about the poem, "So what?" What does it do? What does it say? What is its purpose?

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LITERARY DEVICES and POETIC TERMS

Literary Devices Handout Take out your “Literary Devices” handout and follow along as we discuss the different techniques authors/poets use to convey their message to you.

A reference to a historical figure, place, or event A reference to a historical figure, place, or event.

The teams competed in a David and Goliath struggle. ALLUSION

A broad comparison between two basically different things that have some points in common.

A direct comparison between two basically different things. A simile is introduced by the words “like” or “as”.

My love is like a red, red rose.

An implied comparison between two basically different things. Is not introduced with the words “like” or “as”.

His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.

A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling.

I will love you until all the seas go dry.

Human characteristics are given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas.

My stereo walked out of my car.

Hints given to the reader of what is to come.

“The stalwart hero was doomed to suffer the destined end of his days.”

The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses.

Cold, wet leaves floating on moss-colored water.

A contrast between what is said and what is meant. Also, when things turn out different than what is expected.

“I worked ten years and paid 36,000 francs to replace your diamond necklace.” “My dear, that necklace was a fake.”

The overall atmosphere or prevailing emotional feeling of a work.

It had rained in thundering sheets every afternoon that summer.

A series of events that present and resolve a conflict. The story being told.

The plot of “The Black Cat” is a man is doomed by his own cruelty.

The vantage point from which an author presents the action in a work.

1st person-told by a character in the story. Uses “I or me” 3rd person-story told by someone not participating in the plot. “he, she, they”

The time (both the time of day and period in history) and place in which the action of a literary work takes place.

It was a cold and dreary night. The sounds of nature were eerily silent.

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.

“Swiftly, swiftly sailed the ship”

The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities.

The wheels of the train went clickety clack.

Something concrete, such as an object, action, character, or scene that stands for something abstract such as a concept or an idea.

“She plaited a long red love knot into her long black hair.” In this case the use of the color “red” symbolizes blood.

The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work.

“Nothing is as it seems.”

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Rhyme Scheme How to determine the rhyme scheme of a poem: Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyming words in a poem. The rhyme scheme of a poem is indicated by using different letters of the alphabet for each new rhyme.

A Simple Rhyme Scheme Roses are red, violets are blue. Sugar is sweet, but not like you. The violets fade, the roses fall; But you get sweeter, all in all. A A B B

Roses Are Red As sure as the grass grows around the stump, You are my darling Sugar Lump. When the sun don’t shine, the day is cold, My love for you never gets old. C C D D

Roses Are Red The ocean’s deep, the sky is blue ; Sugar is sweet and so are you ; The ocean waves and the sky gets pale, But my love is true, and it will never fail. A A E E

“Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost We will look at another poem and determine its rhyme scheme and theme.

Theme for “Fire and Ice” The speaker considers the age- old question of whether the world will end in fire or in ice. The speaker determines that either option would achieve its purpose sufficiently well.

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. A A A B

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost But if I had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. B B C C

Rhyme Scheme The Rhyme Scheme for the poem “Fire and Ice” is: A B AA BCCB

Rhyme Scheme We will discuss Rhyme Scheme in more depth in a future lesson.

Meter The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern. This pattern is determined by the number and types of stresses, or beats, that occur in each line. How do we determine meter? We will discuss this idea briefly today.

The Chimney Sweeper by Robert Blake I wander thro’ each charter’d street, Near where the charter’d Thames does flow. And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe.

The Chimney Sweeper by Robert Blake In every cry of every Man, In every Infant’s cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban, The mind-forg’d manacles I hear

The Chimney Sweeper by Robert Blake How the Chimney-sweepers cry Every black’ning Church appalls, And the hapless Soldiers sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls

The Chimney Sweeper by Robert Blake But most thro’ midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlots curse Blasts the new-born Infants tear And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.

Summary The speaker wanders through the streets of London and comments on his observations. He sees despair in the faces of the people he meets and hears fear and repression in their voices.

Summary The woeful cry of the chimney- sweeper stands as a chastisement to the Church, and the blood of a soldier stains the outer walls of the monarch’s residence.

Summary The nighttime holds nothing more promising: the cursing of prostitutes corrupts the newborn infant and sullies the “Marriage hearse.”

The Rhyme Scheme The Rhyme Scheme for first stanza of “The Chimney Sweeper” is: ABAB This is the quatrain, the most common type of poetic style.

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Part 3 - The Idiom Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

Have a Nice Day Most cultures have, at various times, sayings that quickly spread until they are used by almost everyone. One of those currently very popular in the United States is ” have a nice day.”

Have a Nice Day “Have a nice day” is used when people wish to say either goodbye or thank you. "You are very thoughtful, sir. Have a nice day," Bobby grinned.

Lesson Review Today we learned new root words. We discussed how to read a poem. We learned of the different types of figurative language the writer uses to convey his message. We learned a new Idiom of the Day.

Next Lesson In our next lesson, we will learn about the different types and styles of poems. We will write our own poems using a structured format.