Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins.  Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins,

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

From DNA to Protein Section 11.2 Pg

Advertisements

DNA : The Genetic Code. What is the “genetic code”? A set of instructions that tells the cell how to build all of the components that make you!

DNA: Transcription & Translation How do we go from DNA to PROTEIN?

The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid

Section 2 From DNA to Protein

RNA: Structure and Function. RNA FUNCTION Function: RNA reads blueprints (DNA) & makes protein.

 Made up of amino acids  DNA codes for RNA which makes proteins.

DNA StructureDNA Structure  DNA is composed of a chain of nucleotides.

1. RNA vs. DNA RNADNA TThe sugar is RIBOSE UURACIL (U) is substituted for (T) Thymine AA=U CC=G RRNA is a single stranded chain of nucleotides.

9.1 Transcription. Central Dogma DNARNAPROTEIN TranscriptionTranslation.

Transcription. Define the following Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Transcription Codon.

Chapter 11 Section 2 Making Proteins. Section 11.1 Summary – pages The importance of nucleotide sequences Chromosome The sequence of nucleotides.

RNA & Protein Synthesis. DNA Determines Protein Structure The genetic information that is held in the molecules of DNA ultimately determines an organism’s.

RNA. ________ are coded DNA instructions that control the ___________ of proteins. Genetic ______________ can be decoded by copying part of the ___________.

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

Chapter 12 Making Proteins. Differences between RNA and DNA DNA = double strand; RNA = single strand RNA contains Ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA uses.

How Genes Work. Structure of DNA DNA is composed of subunits – nucleotides Three parts Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen base – 2.

Chapter From DNA to Protein.

RNA and Transcription. RNA V.S. DNA Different sugarDifferent sugar –Ribose instead of deoxyribose. –Different base pair –Uracil instead of thymine. –Different.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.

DNA Replication.  Replication = DNA copies itself exactly (Occurs within the nucleus) (Occurs within the nucleus)  Any mistake in copying = mutation.

How does DNA control cell activities?. Protein Production The sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains instructions for producing proteins. The sequence.

DNA to Protein Transcription & Translation.  What are these nucleotides telling us?  Sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains information to produce.

Notes for DNA & RNA. DNARNA Double stranded Single stranded Uses the base T Uses the base U Sugar is deoxyribose Sugar is ribose.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Structure and function of RNA.

RNA Structure and Function. Another Nucleic Acid?? Meet RNA  Monomer: Polymer:  What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

Objective Explain the function and structure of RNA. Determine how transcription produces a RNA copy of DNA. Analyze the purpose of transcription.

RNA & Protein Synthesis

From DNA to Protein Main Idea: DNA codes for RNA, which guides protein synthesis. Proteins are key cell structures and regulators of cell function. -Ex.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

RNA  Structure Differences:  1. Instead of being double stranded, RNA is a single stranded molecule. (ss)  2. The sugar in RNA is ribose. It has one.

4/23/12 1. In your notebook, finish the questions from the laminated sheet. (Pg 47 side only) READ THE DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY!! 2. When finished, answer.

DNA and Replication. Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are made of smaller units called nucleotides. –Each nucleotide has 3 main parts: Phosphate group Sugar.

From DNA to Proteins. DNA contains __________________ and the instructions for making ________. Why is DNA important? genetic information proteins.

Transcription & Translation. Objectives: Relate the concept of the gene to the sequences of nucleotides in DNA Sequence the steps involved in protein.

Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,

DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis. A. DNA and the Genetic Code 1. DNA controls the production of proteins by the order of the nucleotides.

RNA carries DNA’s instructions.

RiboNucleic Acid-RNA RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded

(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?

12.3 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule. DNA can not leave nucleus..RNA CAN!

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

RNA & Protein Synthesis

5-3 NOTES: RNA AND CENTRAL DOGMA

Protein Synthesis.

Ribonucleic Acid -RNA = ribonucleic acid

Notes – Protein Synthesis: Transcription

Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

DNA Replication.

RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN.

DNA Replication.

RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.

DNA Replication.

RNA: Structures and Functions

Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17

RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.

RNA: another nucleic acid

Protein Synthesis.

5-3 NOTES: RNA AND CENTRAL DOGMA

TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Presentation transcript:

Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins

 Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins, DNA controls cells.

RNA vs. DNA DNA:  Double Stranded  Sugar is Deoxyribose  Contains Thymine to pair with Adenine RNA:  Single Stranded  Sugar is Ribose  Contains Uracil to pair with Adenine

 RNA takes instructions from DNA on how to assemble proteins and then they assemble the protein one amino acid at a time.

3 Types of RNA  Messenger RNA (mRNA) – bring the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm  Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – makes up ribosomes  Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transports amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein.

Transcription  Occurs in the nucleus  Changes DNA to RNA  1. Enzymes unzip the DNA molecule  2. Free RNA nucleotides pair with complementary DNA nucleotides on one of the DNA strands.

Transcription cont.  3. When the process of base pairing is completed, the mRNA breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

DNA to RNA DNA: T G A T C G C T A RNA: A C U A G C G A U