DNA & RNA. DNA Structure  Double stranded – long – can’t leave nucleus  Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, base  bases  A, T, G, C Function  Stores.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA & RNA

DNA Structure  Double stranded – long – can’t leave nucleus  Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, base  bases  A, T, G, C Function  Stores / transfers genetic information  Provides instructions for making PROTEINS

RNA Structure  Single stranded – short – CAN leave nucleus  Nucleotides – ribose, phosphate, base  bases CC GG AA  U = URACIL instead of T  THERE IS NO “T” IN RNA! Function  Carries protein-making instructions from nucleus to ribosome

3 types of RNA 1- mRNA = messenger RNA 2- rRNA = ribosomal RNA 3 – tRNA = transfer RNA

By controlling PROTEIN SYNTHESIS….. DNA controls cellular structure and function

Ribosomes of any living creature can produce protein from any creature’s RNA……….. AMAZING HUH?

Genetic Language CODON  “triplet” code with 3 RNA bases  Acts as a word in the genetic language  Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

Reading the DNA code Codon Dictionary

Find the following amino acids 1- GAC 2-UUU 3-AUC

Find the following amino acids 1- TTA 2- TAG 3- TCA

Special codons “start”  AUG  Codes for methionine (amino acid)  Unless it’s used after a “stop codon” Then it tells ribosome to “start making new protein here” “stop”  UAA, UAG, UGA  Tells ribosome to “stop making new protein here”