Reconstruction Chapter 17

Lincoln’s Rebuilding Plan Take an oath of allegiance Offer amnesty Wanted confederates states to quickly rejoin the union-10% plan Form new state governments Slavery is banned

Lincoln is Assassinated April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre John Wilkes Booth shoots him in the head The nation is shocked His death delayed rebuilding the South

Johnson Becomes President Lincoln’s vice president From Tennessee A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on a bipartisan ticket Favored quick restoration of seceded states

Problems in the South Farms and plantations were ruined Confederate money was worthless Banks failed Roads, railroads, & bridges were destroyed No police, judges, or courts Homeless & unemployed

Reconstruction The rebuilding of the South President Andrew Johnson in charge He followed Lincoln’s plan Southerners pardoned after taking oath State governments re- formed

The Thirteenth Amendment Outlaws slavery Supported by President Johnson who urges former confederate states to do so Ratified on December 6, 1865

Radical Republicans Opposed Johnson’s plan Wanted to punish former Confederates Would not recognize new state governments Did not accept these states back into Union

Black Codes Southern states enact laws harmful to freedmen Restrict voting, owning land, working certain skilled jobs Radical Republicans are incensed

Johnson vs. Congress Johnson offends Radical Republicans He vetoes the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress overrides his vetoes He opposes the 14 th Amendment Congress impeaches him

The Fourteenth Amendment Ensured validity of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Citizenship defined Due process clarified Equal protection for all citizens The only southern state to ratify it was Tennessee: they got to return to the Union

The Freedman’s Bureau Started by Congress Temp agency to help former slaves find jobs, get clothing, food, & shelter Helped with schooling Protected civil rights of African Americans

Reconstruction Act of 1867 Congress passed four acts- all over the veto of President Johnson The 10 states who refused to ratify the 14 th amendment would be put under military rule

Impeachment Johnson’s vetoes anger Republicans The Tenure of Office Act angers Johnson Congress tries to impeach him (remove him from office) The attempt fails by one vote

The Election of 1868 The Republicans choose war hero Ulysses S. Grant He supports the Radical Republicans Democrats pick former NY Governor Horatio Seymour African Americans swing a close election

Reshaping the South Scalawags manipulate blacks Carpetbaggers come south looking for opportunities Corruption was rampant

Changed Way of Life Plantations were divided up Tenant farming Sharecroppers The South diversified their agricultural crops Iron, steel, & lumber industries emerge Public education-but segregated schools

The 15 th Amendment African American men now have the right to vote Suffrage given to all citizens except women and American Indians Southerners opposed the new amendment “Grandfather clauses” and widespread voter suppression

Reconstruction Ends The Ku Klux Klan terrorizes African Americans Blacks are disenfranchised Poll taxes Literacy tests Residency requirements

Grant’s Problems Scandals hurt his administration He still wins a second term in 1872 The country goes into a depression for four years Republicans loose many seats in Congress

Reconstruction Ends Northerners grew tired of high taxes and lose interest 10 years had passed Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president in 1876 A backroom deal secured the election Federal troops left the South after he took office