Julius Caesar Reforms 44 B.C.-Dictator for life –Absolute ruler Granted citizenship to many people in the provinces Created jobs for the poor (Buildings)

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Julius Caesar Reforms 44 B.C.-Dictator for life –Absolute ruler Granted citizenship to many people in the provinces Created jobs for the poor (Buildings) Started colonies- so people could have land Increased soldiers pay

Cont. His popularity, success, & growing power troubled nobles & Senators March 15 44B.C. (Ides of March) assasinated Marcus Brutus, Gaius Cassius-leaders “Et tu, Brute?” Civil war broke out

2 nd Triumvirate Octavian (Caesar’s nephew/son) 18yrs.,Mark Antony, & Lepidus take over They hunt down all invoved It ends in jealousy & violence Octavian forces Lepidus to retire Mark & Cleopatra fall in love Oct accuses him of trying to rule from Egypt (Romeo & Juliet)

Octavian Becomes Augustus Accepted the title- Agustus- exalted one Kept the title imperator-supreme military commander-this is were we get Emperor Rules 27B.C.- 14 A.D. This is the Height of Rome- This peace last 207 years, it is known as the PAX ROMANA Empire included 3mill square miles, 80 million people, & 1 million in Rome

Powerful Empire 90% of the people farm Coinage- Denarius Trade Sea- Med. Land-Complex Road- Silk Roads from China

Huge Empire Pg. 149 in your book Sound government- civil service, worked even when Bad Emperors such as Caligula & Nero were in charge The Pax Romana ended in 180 A.D. with the death of Marcus Aurelius

Life in Rome Men- values of discipline, strength and loyalty Paterfamilias- Head of family Dis-own children Banish or sell into slavery Women- Ran the household, authority & respect, More freedom than women in the Middle Ages Could not own property or testify in court

Cont. Children –Boys Citizens, vote Girls – No Name – Martinia I & Martinia II Few children went to school Rich did Poor never, worked, Illiterate Girls married at 12-15, to much older men oooohhhh

Bread & Circuses Rich/Poor greatly divided Rich-Good Poor just surviving To distract and control the masses the government free games & Food Chariot races Gladiators Christians thrown to lion Could this be like the U.S. Welfare- M TV, VH-1, BET, Sports, Betting on Sports