Neonatology ! By: Sarah Reindel 1 ◦ Chemistry

Facts! Neonatology is a medical field that specializes in newborn, sick and premature babies. The word neonatology literally means “science of the newborn.” A place where premature and sick newborn babies are kept for close observation is called the NICU, or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Most babies go to the NICU directly after delivery, no matter their condition.

WARNING: Some pictures and videos may be too graphic. Premature babies and videos of them are presented in the next slide and some after.

An NICU in Holtz Children's Hospital at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center. A newborn in an incubator. A premature infant being observed. An old-fashioned incubator.

Scientists of Neonatology! Dr. William Silverman Dr. L. Joseph Butterfield Dr. Martin A Couney

Incubators Incubators were invented in 1870 by Dr. Martin A Couney. Incubators are machines that “house” babies that have been delivered at a very early time (pre- mature) or if they are extremely sick. They are kept at a constant, moderate temperature and have access places for nurses to observe the baby. First came to America as early as 1902.

When William and Joseph began their work, they never knew how big their research and work would do. Since the 1950’s when their work came to life, many hospitals use and have neonatal intensive care units (NICU) that use incubators. Incubators are used for transporting babies from hospital to hospital if one does not have an NICU to help the baby. The amount of lives these men have saved are incredible. Silverman and Butterfield

Butterfield’s Story Joseph was working at the University of Colorado Medical Center when a three pound infant was transported from Monte Vista, Colorado by an Air National Guard DC-3. He saw his work come to life, and after that he was appointed Director of the Newborn Center just after the completion of the transport and opening of the premature center for infants.

Silverman’s Story In 1945, neonatologist, Richard Day had encountered Bill Silverman. Day taught Silverman the importance of basing clinical care on science. Silverman and his colleagues worked on a case with using an anti-inflammatory adrenocorticotrophic hormone to treat retrolental fibroplasia which is blindness in infants. Twenty-five out of thirty-one of the babies kept their vision.

Couney’s Story Couney began as a pediatrician in Germany. He knew infant death was the leading effect of premature babies. In fact, thirty-six percent of infant deaths was because of prematurity. Martin’s daughter was born premature and lived without the use of an incubator. Many doubted his work, but he never gave in. In 1896, the Berlin Exposition was held, and there, he presented his invention. A hospital in Germany gave him many babies that were destined to die, due to prematurity. About ninety percent of all premature infants under his care were redeveloped!

Baby in the NICU being observed. Premature Infant. Premature infant being checked. Newborn Premature Infant.

More Facts! In the NICU, about half the babies are full-term-born (about thirty-seven weeks) and the other half are sick or premature. Not all organs in a premature infant are developed, therefore sometimes making the infant sick after delivery. Many premature children have undeveloped lungs-hard to breathe, no body fat-need to be kept warm, underdeveloped liver-jaundice is common from this, underdeveloped immune system-easy to become sick, stomach and intestines are underdeveloped-cannot digest breast milk or formula, and underdeveloped brain- hard to coordinate bodily functions correctly.

Helping Preemie Infants from Blindness neonatology.asp neonatology.asp Watch this incredible video on how doctors work to help preemie infants see!

Jackson Health System One of the biggest neonatal centers in the US. The Schatzi Kassal Project is the center’s Newborn NICU and has some of the best surviving rates of all time. This project is located at the Holtz Children’s Hospital in Florida.

Taking Care of the Babies Infants are high maintenance. An entire staff of eight neonatologists, three neonatal nurse practitioners, two neonatology fellows, one nurse manager, one clinical nurse specialist, one clinical instructor, one hundred staff nurses, one pharmacist, eight respiratory therapists and two physical therapists are needed to run an NICU. Along with the huge staff of an NICU, forty pediatric residents also help the staff.

Catalog Entry If someone googled my concept, I would like Google to say “PowerPoint Publication” on neonatology, featuring information about scientists who studied in the field, inventors in the field and basic knowledge of the concept of neonatology.

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