1 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

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S1 Global LLRF for 8 cav. operation All the cavities are driven by 5 MW klystron. 5 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Digital LLRF system using an FPGA board on cPCI bit-ADCs are installed.

6 loaded-Q interlock Calculate the loaded Q from the decay of the rf signal The interlock works well and contributes to the lower heat load to the cryogenics. RF off Done LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

7 Real time detuning monitor The real time detuning monitor is quite helpful to adjust the Piezo tuners. LOLB-2 (June, 2011) detuned

8 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

Stabilities at 26 MV/m operation %rms （ in amplitude),16.5mdeg.rms(in ～ 1590us By T. Matsumoto 9 LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

RF stabilities during 2H operation 10 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Vector sum amplitude and phase are kept constant during 2H operation. Gradient Amplitude stability Phase stability

11 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 12

Dynamic detuning compensation with piezo 13 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Piezo works well to compensate the dynamic detuning

Detuning change during 2H operation 14 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) DESY: 33Hz, FNAL:12~38Hz, KEK: 5~10Hz quench Rather stiff at A-1~4. (~1/4 compared with C-1~4) FNAL DESY KEK

Ql change during operation 15 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Ql changes are also observed at KEK. This is still open question. (difficult to explain by only coupler lod) FNAL DESY KEK

16 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

Cavity equation 17 The cavity should satisfy the differential equation. In addition directivity (~20dB) of rf monitor-coupler should be concerned. -> The directivity can be corrected using this formula. LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

Quench phenomena 18 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Loaded Qs are calculated from cavity differential equation. Only the end of rf pulse shows the quench. Rather stiff at A-1~4. (~1/4 compared with C-1~4)

Quench phenomena (2) 19 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Detuning change at C-4 affects the VS leading to C-1 Quench

20 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

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LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 24 Schematic of the DRFS at S1-global DRFS #1 DRFS #2 MA modulator

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 25 DRFS klystron and WG system with module Feb.8 :

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 26 DRFS klystron and WG system Feb.8 : Phase shifter

Some photos 27 DRFS #1 DRFS #2 Modulator on the ground LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

Some photos (2) 28 DRFS #1 Phase shifter MA modulator LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

HLRF and LLRF 29 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Magic-T and WG system LLRF rack is located just downstream of cryomodule -> radiation dose will be measured.

S1 Global 3 rd stage (DRFS) （ 1 ） Digital system is located in the tunnel Fast interlock (and Arc detectors, VSWR meter) are located on the ground. cPCIs are used for the monitor and also they are the backup digital system. 30 LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

31 Field regulation with uTCA LOLB-2 (June, 2011) cERL like uTCA FPGA system was installed. An FPGA board have 4 16-bit ADCs and bit DACs. Two cavity-pickups, klystron output, reflection are observed. The system was located in the tunnel.

RF distribution at DRFS One klystron drives two cavities. Circulator-less system. Same (amplitude and phase) reflection signals go to the dummy load.(blue line) Un-balanced reflection signals move to the klystron. (red line) -> careful operation is required to protect the klystron. Phase-shifters are introduced to evaluate the system. (not to be used at ilc-DRFS) 32 LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

Circulator-less system Elimination of circulators are proposed at DRFS. The study to eliminate the circulators were partly carried out at STF-1. However, there was a big circulator between cavities and a klystron. This is the first time to eliminate all the circulators. Cavity input Normalized by klystron output Cavity input exists even after RF off With circulators Without circulators | Vf | Vf amplitude ratio (%) 33 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Results at STF-1

34 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

Cavity equation 35 The cavity should satisfy the differential equation. In addition directivity (~20dB) of rf monitor-coupler should be concerned. -> The directivity can be corrected using this formula. LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

Diagnostics (Ql evaluation) 36 The simple Ql estimation from decay curve does not work when the rf input exist after rf switched off. The calculated Ql values agree well between filling and decay. Although simple Ql calculation is useful for interlock, this is not sufficient for diagnostics. LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Ql at filling Cav1 Cav2 Ql at decay Ql from decay

37 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

Typical operation of VS control Under the low reflection condition, VSWR is ~ LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Pf Pb to kly.

Detuning and Ql under typical operation Loaded Qs calculated simple time decay are not correct. 39 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Cav. C-1 Cav. C-2 Red:Ql by decay Blue: Ql by cavity eq.

Un-matched operation with VS control (different detuning) Reflection to the klystron is ~25kW (max VSWR=3) Vector sum is still regulated. (0.04%rms, 0.06deg.rms) 40 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Pf Pb to kly.  f1>  f2

Un-matched operation (detuning and Ql) Although Qls by decay show low-value, Qls based on cavity equation show reasonable values. 41 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Cav. C-1 Cav. C-2 Red:Ql by decay Blue: Ql by cavity eq.

Un-matched operation with VS control (different waveguide-length) 42 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Reflection to the klystron is ~20kW (max VSWR=2.8) Vector sum is still regulated. (0.015%rms,0.07deg.rms) Pf Pb to kly.  f1~  f2

Un-matched operation (detuning and Ql) Ql by decay: ~4e6 Ql by cavity equation: ~2.5e6 43 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Cav. C-1 Cav. C-2

44 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

Adaptive detuning correction via EPICS DC piezo bias is controlled every ~2 min. for detuning correction. The detuning after filling were kept constant 45 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Even these simple (and slow) detuning correction looks promising to compensate the long-time detuning fluctuation (microphonics). Piezo output to change from 0Hz to -50Hz Detuning correction

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 46 RF waveform and detuning

47 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 48 RF 4% Minimum 3% rf overhead is necessary. If we allow 50Hz detuning, 7% overhead is required. 10% overhead necessary. 11% Average power Variation inside pulse

Long term stability (microphonics) 49 LOLB-2 (June, 2011) A-2 A-3 No piezo control Microphonics are about 3~5Hz rms. Since KEK cavities are stiff enough, the effect of adaptive piezo control is not clear. Adaptive control

50 Results from the 'S1-Global' cryomodule tests at KEK (8-cav. and DRFS operation) Shin MICHIZONO (KEK) LOLB-2 (June, 2011) Outline I. 8-cavity installation (S1 global) Total eight cavities are installed. Rather short time operation (for total 3 months, Mon. to Fri. from 1PM to 7PM.) No beam operation With circulators at individual input coupler Dynamic detuning control with piezo Vector sum operation Quench analysis II. DRFS operation (aiming for ilc) One klystron drives two cavities. Total 2 klystrons are used. No beam operation Without circulators Dynamic detuning control with piezo Slow detuning control with piezo III. Future plan Related topics -Performance -Diagnostics -Piezo control(8cav. &DRFS) -Quench phenomena (8cav. &DRFS) -Rf overhead (8 cav. &DRFS) - Circulator-less (DRFS)

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 51 Future plan at STF Quantum beam project: with beam from Jan STF-2 project: with beam from April 2013.

LOLB-2 (June, 2011) 52 Future plan

RF gun cavity and input coupler were fabricated by FNAL. (DESY- FNAL-KEK collaboration) FNAL delivered gun cavity and input coupler in November RF process up to 1.7MW in More high power process (3.5MW) and beam extraction in DESY-FNAL design RF gun, FNAL fabrication. input coupler Photocathode insertion Photocathode RF gun for beam supply to Cryomodules Photocathode RF-gun in STF gun cavity cavity photocathode chamber input coupler Solenoid magnet 53 LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

Two 9-cell cavities ： 15.2MV/m operation Capture Module Cavities: MHI-012, MHI-013 Similar Structure to ILC Cryomodule, except the length 54 LOLB-2 (June, 2011)

55 Thank you for your attention