Topic: Global Obstacles to Immigration Case Study: Islam in France Aim: To what extent do immigrants face obstacles when entering new countries? Do Now: Based on your summer assignment (#3), what were some challenges faced by your families/yourself when coming to the United States? Homework: Article 3 due Monday

Esther Angeles, 41, with her daughter, Johanna Marisol Gomez, 7. Ms. Angeles has developed diabetes since coming to the United States and struggles to see that her daughter eats healthfully. “A growing body of mortality research on immigrants has shown that the longer they live in this country, the worse their rates of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes. And while their American-born children may have more money, they tend to live shorter lives than the parents.” --- The Health Toll of Immigration, New York Times, May 18, 2013

Review: What are some of the push and pull factors that entice people to migrate to a new region or country? IMMIGRATION CONTROVERY IN FRANCE Demonstrations supporting (top) more rights for immigrants and (bottom) tighter immigration controls.

Reading: Leora Auslander, Bavarian Crucifixes and French Headscarves: Religious Signs and the Postmodern European State Cultural Dynamics (2000)

Kenza Drider, a French Muslim of North African descent, after her release from a police station in Paris on April 11, 2011, the day the ban on full face veils went into force. Has the Burqa Ban Worked in France? By STEVEN ERLANGER, New York Times, Sept 2, 2012

Controlling Migration Countries have adopted selective immigration policies. –Preference shown for specific employment placement and family reunification Passing of the Quota Act in 1921 and the National Origins Act in 1924 by the U.S. Congress marked the end of unrestricted immigration to the U.S. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

U.S. Immigration Policies:  1882: Bars Asian immigration for ten years (extended)  1921: Quota Act - country by country quotas  1924: National Origins Act - country by country quotas  1965: Immigration Act - quotas for countries replaced, in 1968, with hemisphere quotas of 170, 000 for East and 120,000 for West  Relatives and family member preference begins  1978: Immigration Act - global quota of 290, 000  1980: Refugee Act - quotas do not apply to those seeking political asylum  1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act admitted large numbers of former illegals.  1990: Immigration Act raised global quotas to roughly 675,000  1995: visas begin to be issued preferentially: Relatives and family members get overwhelming priority 2004 Total: 950,000 legal entries

As Refugees From Haiti Linger, Dominicans’ Good Will Fades (NY Times August 30, 2011) “CHENE, Dominican Republic — They have been blamed for spreading cholera, taking jobs and driving up crime, and now, with memories of the earthquake and the bonhomie it generated rapidly fading, this country is taking action: it is deporting Haitian refugees, turning them away from the border and generally making their lives difficult.”

Unauthorized Immigration: Unauthorized immigrants are those who enter a country without proper documentation or process. Characteristics: –Source Country Roughly 58 percent emigrate from Mexico –Children Of estimated 11.2 million unauthorized immigrants, nearly 1 million are children. Unauthorized immigrants have given birth to 4.5 million children on U.S. soil making the children U.S. citizens. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Unauthorized Immigration –Years in the U.S. Duration of residency has increased for unauthorized immigrants.In 2010, 35 percent of adults had been in U.S. for at least 15 years. –Labor Force Approximately 8 million unauthorized immigrants are employed in the U.S. In what typical professions? –Distribution Texas and California have largest number of unauthorized immigrants WHY??? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Immigration Discussion: 1.For what reasons do you believe countries either have or don’t have a right to set a limit (quota) on the number of legal immigrants? 2.To what extent does illegal immigration cause social and economic issues (positive or negative) for a country? 3.In what ways should the United States deal with the large annual influx of illegal immigrants? 4.Whether legal or illegal, to what extent should a country work to adapt to immigrant culture (different languages in the public space or at school, allowance of religious or cultural practices, etc?) Explain…

Unauthorized Immigration Mexico’s Border with the United States –View from the U.S. recognizes motives that compel unauthorized immigrants to enter illegally Employment Opportunities Family Reunification Better Way of Life –View from Mexico is more complex Residents of northern Mexico wish for compassion to be shown to unauthorized immigrants. Residents of southern Mexico are less tolerant because of number of unauthorized immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

More seek admission to the U.S. than is permitted by the quotas, thus preferences are shown toward: Family Reunification –About ¾ of immigrants Skilled Workers –Approximately ¼ of immigrants –Sending countries allegedpreference for skilled workers contributes to brain drain- a term for the disproportionate amount of highly skilled and intelligent citizens migrating away from sending countries. Diversity –A few immigrants admitted, because their sending country historically has sent very few migrants © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Attitudes toward Immigrants Immigration Concerns in the U.S. –Most views of immigration by U.S. citizens are ambivalent in nature. Border Patrol –They would like more effective border control, but they don’t want to spend more money to solve the issue. Workplace –Most recognize that unauthorized immigrants take jobs from U.S. citizens, but they understand most citizens wouldn’t take the jobs so they support a path to U.S. citizenship for these unauthorized immigrants. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Civil Rights –U.S. citizens favor letting law enforcement officials stop and verify the legal status of anyone, but they fear civil rights will be infringed upon of U.S. citizens, as a result of racial profiling. Local Initiatives –Polls suggest U.S. citizens believe unauthorized immigration is a pressing matter to the nation, but it should only be dealt with at the federal level and not the local level. »Many were opposed to Arizona’s 2010 law that obligated foreigners to carry a proof of citizenship with them at all times. »More than 100 localities across the nation support additional rights for unauthorized immigrants—such a movement is known as a “Sanctuary City.” © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Obstacles to Immigration in Europe:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. MIGRATION FLOWS WITHIN EUROPE The largest flows are from Poland to Germany and from Romania to Spain.

Immigration Concerns in Europe –Population growth in Europe is fueled by immigration from other regions of the world, a trend disliked by many Europeans. Biggest fear is that the host country’s culture will be lost, because immigrants: –adhere to different religions –speak different languages –practice different food and other cultural habits Hostility to immigrants has become a central plank of some political parties in many European countries. –Immigrants blamed for crime, unemployment rates, and high welfare costs. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

IMMIGRATION CONTROVERY IN FRANCE Demonstrations supporting (top) more rights for immigrants and (bottom) tighter immigration controls.

Europeans as Emigrants –Inhospitable climate for immigrants in Europe is especially ironic. Europe was the source of most of the world’s emigrants, during the nineteenth century. Most Europeans fear losing their cultural heritage to that of new immigrants, while: –Indo-European languages are now spoken by half of the world, as a result of European emigrants. –Christianity has the world’s largest number of adherents. –European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have diffused throughout the world. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

P.O.V. Farmingville: We will now watch clips from the PBS documentary “POV - Farmingville”, the events of which took place in Suffolk County. As we watch, consider the obstacles faced by immigrants in this community as discussed in class. ?v=Y384FmP4rQc&feature=rela tedhttp:// ?v=Y384FmP4rQc&feature=rela ted