Quote of the Day 3 “Do not fear death so much as the inadequate life.” Bertolt Brecht

Good Morning/Afternoon March 29 th 2010 It’s a short week!!! It’s HOLY WEEK, make the best of it!!

Announcements This WEEK: Monday: KSU lost  so sorry. Its HOLY WEEK!! Tuesday: Soccer (Titan Classic) vs Campus Dodge City Dodge City Track NE Heights Track NE Heights Wednesday: Mass Day- Senior Panoramic Picture Soccer “C” Team vs Southeast Soccer “C” Team vs Southeast Girls North Girls North Thursday: Soccer (Titan Classic) TBD Friday: NO SCHOOL – GOOD FRIDAY!! Use it wisely.

March 29 th Outcomes Students will identify the main elements of Hinduism Students will compare Hinduism / Islam to determine the effects of ruling a divided empire To Do List Announcements-- Intro Dravidians – Aryans – Hinduism (Notes) Homework- Exit Card // Hindu god

Quote of the Day 3 “Do not fear death so much as the inadequate life.” Bertolt Brecht

Ancient Cities in Indus River Valley

Notes on the Harappa First Indian Civilization B.C. First Indian Civilization B.C. Why do we know so little? Why do we know so little? No language- knowledge based on physical evidence No language- knowledge based on physical evidence Twin Capitals—Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Twin Capitals—Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Well Planned-grid like pattern- built around temple/fort Well Planned-grid like pattern- built around temple/fort Were well watered and had plumbing and drainage Were well watered and had plumbing and drainage So what, so do you???????? So what, so do you???????? Standardized system of weights/Measurement/ building bricks Standardized system of weights/Measurement/ building bricks Structures suggest there were thousands of people Structures suggest there were thousands of people Most of them farmers—grew wheat, barley, melons, cotton Most of them farmers—grew wheat, barley, melons, cotton Merchants were believed to have traded with Sumer Merchants were believed to have traded with Sumer Evidence suggests that there was a well organized govt. Evidence suggests that there was a well organized govt. Religion- Polytheistic- Mother goddess—animals important part of explaining strength, wisdom, speed. Religion- Polytheistic- Mother goddess—animals important part of explaining strength, wisdom, speed. How did it end? How did it end?

Understanding the Aryans “These Aryans were rather immigrants than conquerors. But they brought with them strong physiques, a ready brutality, a skill and courage in war, which soon gave them mastery of northern India. They fought with bows and arrows, led by armored warriors in chariots, who wielded battle axes and hurled spears. They were too primitive to be hypocrites: they subjugated India without pretending to elevate it. They wanted land and pasture for their cattle; their word for war said nothing about national honor, but simply meant ‘a desire for more cows.’ ” Will Durant Historian

Outside Invaders- The Aryans

The Aryans This is a debated theory—A.I.T This is a debated theory—A.I.T So what do we know-theorize So what do we know-theorize Aryans-nomads- barbaric by Indian standards Aryans-nomads- barbaric by Indian standards As nomads- no written language As nomads- no written language What’s left is hymns, prayers, & teachings—Vedas (Rigveda) What’s left is hymns, prayers, & teachings—Vedas (Rigveda) ( B.C. Vedic Age) glorified fighting, dancing, drinking ( B.C. Vedic Age) glorified fighting, dancing, drinking Wealth measured land and cattle, an ability to fight Wealth measured land and cattle, an ability to fight Aryan Society was divided into groups Aryan Society was divided into groups Brahmins- Priests Brahmins- Priests Kshatriyas-warriors Kshatriyas-warriors Vaisyas-herders, farmers, merchants, and artisans Vaisyas-herders, farmers, merchants, and artisans Sudras- Non-Aryans farm workers and servants Sudras- Non-Aryans farm workers and servants These positions were originally economic, later by birth These positions were originally economic, later by birth Aryan Religion-polytheistic-focus on natural forces Aryan Religion-polytheistic-focus on natural forces Chief god was Indra- god of war, Varuna-god of creation Chief god was Indra- god of war, Varuna-god of creation Eventually a belief arose in Brahman- god above others Eventually a belief arose in Brahman- god above others

Indra- god of War How does this god compare with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, or the Hebrews How does this god compare with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, or the Hebrews

Varuna- god of creation

Agni- god of Fire

Review of the Aryans Indo-European migrants looking for resources Indo-European migrants looking for resources B.C B.C. Nomads- no written language Nomads- no written language Vedas- hymns, prayers, and teachings (Vedic Age) Vedas- hymns, prayers, and teachings (Vedic Age) Society geared around fighting, drinking, dancing Society geared around fighting, drinking, dancing Brought with them a caste system Brought with them a caste system Brahmins Brahmins Kshatriyas Kshatriyas Vaisyas Vaisyas Sudras Sudras Aryan Religion polytheisitic- gods of war, fire, creation Aryan Religion polytheisitic- gods of war, fire, creation Eventually belief in a supreme god Brahman arose Eventually belief in a supreme god Brahman arose

Indian Caste System- Varuna

Hinduism Scratching the Surface of Hinduism Scratching the Surface of Hinduism Believed to be one of the oldest religions in the World. Believed to be one of the oldest religions in the World. Largest Polytheistic religion in the world Largest Polytheistic religion in the world No single founder- No single text No single founder- No single text Combination of Aryan & Dravidian Beliefs Combination of Aryan & Dravidian Beliefs There are multiple gods and practices- complex There are multiple gods and practices- complex Originally referred to as Brahmanism because of the importance of the Brahman class. Originally referred to as Brahmanism because of the importance of the Brahman class.

Core Beliefs Even though polytheistic Even though polytheistic Brahman is the supreme god—but exists in multiple forms— Creator, Preserve, Destroyer Brahman is the supreme god—but exists in multiple forms— Creator, Preserve, Destroyer Hindu Trinity- three in one- mystery Hindu Trinity- three in one- mystery Represents the three forces at work in nature Represents the three forces at work in nature Each individual is believed to have an atman (soul) Goal of Hinduism-have atman in union with Brahman (moksha) Most people cannot attain moksha in one lifetime- reincarnation To elevate- one must follow and accept Karma Karma- actions that affect your next life. Success if achieved by living according to dharma PreservationCreation Destruction

Hindu Trinity

Brahma- the Creator

Shiva- the Destroyer

Vishnu- the Preserver

Your Homework 1. We discussed Polytheism vs Monotheism 2. Hindus DO NOT believe in an All Knowing God 1. Who judges? Forgives sin? Can be petitioned? 3. People are Caught in the wheel of life 1. Transmigration of the soul- Samsara- reincarnation 2. Asceticism (living simply- denial) / Yoga (meditation) 4. Do NOT believe in a Heaven or Hell 5. Caste System- divided people based on job / holiness 6. Others ?????

Reflection time / Exit Card Reflection time / Exit Card Whoa, we’ve covered quite a bit Whoa, we’ve covered quite a bit 1. Write one things that sticks out to you about Hinduism. 2. What are 3 key terms that stick out to you about Hinduism? 3. How is this different from Islam? 4. Why is this important at all????

Deeper look into Indian Society Listening to the Past- pg Listening to the Past- pg Identify a Hindu god that you would like to research. Identify a Hindu god that you would like to research.